Analysis of the latest literature data and the authors' neuromorphological observations give the possibility to consider that structural reactions of the cerebral cellular elements of higher animals to oxygen insufficiency have a common base, but vary in dependence of the hypoxia form and the character of its influence and peculiarities of individual reactivity of the organism. Neurons and gliocytes possess rather effective mechanisms of resistance to hypoxia and ischemia, and are connected with intracellular regenerative and adaptive-compensatory processes. Hypoxic factor of pathogenesis of dystrophic-destructive changes in the cerebral cells is, however, subcoordinative, but not self-sufficing in all cases without any exception. Hypoxic and intoxicational lesions of the brain may have an independent cytological expression, despite the fact that differentiation of the combined signs is usually difficult.
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