Background And Aims: Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI, serum hepatitis B surface antigen negative but hepatitis B virus DNA positive) is an emerging problem in the safety of blood transfusion. The introduction of hepatitis B surface antigen in the screening panel for blood bank donors has substantially reduced, but not entirely eliminated, the risk of hepatitis B virus infection. It has been suggested that infection with hepatitis C virus may inhibit hepatitis B virus replication. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating the prevalence and risk factors for OBI among blood donors and determining its relationship with hepatitis C virus infection.
Subjects And Methods: Presence of hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA was investigated for among 508 hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Alexandria, Egypt. Half of the donors were identified as hepatitis C virus antibody reactive.
Results: OBI was detected in 21 donors (4.1%) from the studied population: eight were among hepatitis C virus antibody positive donors (3.2%), among whom seven (33.3%) had hepatitis C virus RNA in their serum, and 13 (5.1%) were among hepatitis C virus antibody negative donors, with no statistically significant difference. The only significant risk factor for OBI among the studied blood donors was visiting local barbers.
Conclusion And Recommendations: OBI is a considerable risk in blood banks, making screening for hepatitis B virus infection only on the basis of surface antigenemia insufficient.
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