[Kidney transplantation--a successful story started 110 years ago].

Organ transplantation is one of the most important medical achievement of the 20th century. Emerich Ullmann performed on March 7th 1902, in the Vienna, the first successful kidney transplantation. It was an autotransplantation in a dog, with a transposition of a kidney in the neck region. Graft function persisted over the next five days. Only the few months later Alexis Carrel performed in Lyon another succcessful kidney autotransplantation in a dog. Carrel was interested in the vascular anastomosis improvement. He developed the triangulation technique of vessel anastomosis and so called Carrel patch. Since then both techniques have become a standard in kidney transplantation. Carrel was awarded with Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1912 for his innovatory work in the field of transplantation and vascular surgery. These experimental transplantations preceded kidney transplantation in the humans which has become a routine operative procedure.