A matter of phis: The size of macromolecules is determined by the "universal calibration" based on the Flory-Fox equation (see scheme). The effect of the segmental density of real branched systems on this equation is investigated. To study this effect, accurately prepared polymers with discrete molecular properties were characterized in detail and precisely evaluated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201209228 | DOI Listing |
Metab Brain Dis
January 2025
Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Background & Aims: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), one of the most serious prognostic factors for mortality in alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALD cirrhosis), is not recorded in Danish healthcare registries. However, treatment of HE with lactulose, the universal first-line treatment, can be identified through data on filled prescriptions. This study aimed to investigate if lactulose can be used as a surrogate marker of HE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana.
Access to safe sanitation facilities remains a critical public health concern, especially in rapidly urbanizing countries like Ghana. This study investigates the determinants of household toilet ownership among property owners in three urban districts in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 1,256 property owners selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Econ Policy Law
January 2025
Health Systems Program, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
The framework presented in the World Bank report Open and Inclusive: Fair processes for Financing Universal Health Coverage effectively connects proposed decision-making principles with practical examples that country governments can use to pursue greater fairness. In this commentary, we consider the suggestion that international development partners might use the report's criteria to examine their own processes. We consider what the report's primary Fair Process principles - equality, impartiality and consistency - imply for development partners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Econ Policy Law
January 2025
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
In response to our critics, we clarify and defend key ideas in the report . First, we argue that procedural fairness has greater value than Dan Hausman allows. Second, we argue that the Report aligns with John Kinuthia's view that a knowledgeable public and a capable civil society, alongside good facilitation, are important for effective public deliberation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Syst Reform
December 2024
World Health Organization (WHO), HQ, Geneva, Switzerland.
Cross-programmatic inefficiencies are duplications or misalignments that arise from undue fragmentation of health systems by vertical health programs. Identifying and addressing the root causes of cross-programmatic inefficiencies in a health system can ensure more efficient use of resources to make progress toward Universal Health Coverage. This paper examines the root causes of cross-programmatic inefficiencies related to governance and financing in the state health system of Anambra in southeast Nigeria.
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