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The prevalence of goiter, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancers in the pediatric population has increased. In some rare cases, local conditions such as juvenile desmoid-type fibromatosis (JDTF) can mimic specific thyroid pathology, complicating the diagnostic process. A 17-year-old obese adolescent girl was admitted to the Endocrinology Department with progressive swelling on the left side of the neck, persisting for approximately one year, recently accompanied by dysphonia and inspiratory dyspnea, and ultimately diagnosed as a unilateral nodular goiter associated with compressive phenomena.

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With technological development, ionizing radiation has found applications in numerous occupations. However, the determination and quantification of the damage resulting from exposure to it remains rather unclear, along with the damage to particular organs. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the relationship between low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) in exposed workers and possible functional changes and cancer development in the thyroid gland.

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Key data from the 2024 European Thyroid Association annual meeting: Thyroid nodule management.

Ann Endocrinol (Paris)

January 2025

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Unit, CHU Larrey, 24, chemin de Pouvourville, TSA 30030, 31059 Toulouse, France. Electronic address:

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Background: The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid nodules continues to be a major challenge in clinical practice. The rising incidence of thyroid neoplasm and the low incidence of aggressive thyroid carcinoma, urges the exploration of strategies to improve the diagnostic accuracy in a pre-surgical phase, particularly for indeterminate nodules, and to prevent unnecessary surgeries. Only in 2022, the 5th WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors, and in 2023, the 3rd Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and the European Thyroid Association included biomarkers in their guidelines.

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Contex: Detection of parathyroid incidentalomas (PTIs) by ultrasonography (US) generally depends on clinical experience and it can be usually confused with perithyroidal lymph nodes.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the role of US for the detection of PTIs and define clinicopathologic features of PTIs detected during routine neck US.

Design: In this retrospective study, we studied PTIs in a multidisciplinary clinical approach of nuclear medicine and general surgery clinics.

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