A 1-yr-old albino male corn snake (Elaphae guttata guttata), which was part of a large breeding stock, was presented to the University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zoo and Exotic Animal Clinic with a history of anorexia for 2 wk and progressively declining body condition. The animal was euthanized due to a poor prognosis. Histopathology, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction analysis on tissues revealed concurrent infection with adenovirus and Cryptosporidium. Primary infection with adenovirus could have caused immunodeficiency in the snake, thus predisposing it to secondary infection with Cryptosporidium. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of co-infection of adenovirus and Cryptosporidium in a Colubrid species of snake.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.220 | DOI Listing |
Background: Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Glob Health
November 2024
Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: While diarrhoeal disease remains a leading cause of death in children aged <5 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it also poses significant health risks for older children, underscoring the importance of our study focusing on children aged <10 years. In this systematic review, we assessed common diarrhoea aetiologies in children aged <10 years in LMICs.
Methods: We identified relevant articles in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using pre-defined search criteria.
Confl Health
October 2024
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Background: Real-time disease surveillance is an important component of infection control in at-risk populations. However, data on cases or from lab testing is often not available in many low-resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), including immunochromatographic assays, may provide a low cost, expedited source of infection data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
September 2024
Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens' Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation, 30931 Brantley Branch Road, Eustis, FL 32736, USA.
Water Res
October 2024
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
In light of increasingly diverse greywater reuse applications, this study proposes risk-based log-removal targets (LRTs) to aid the selection of treatment trains for greywater recycling at different collection scales, including appliance-scale reuse of individual greywater streams. An epidemiology-based model was used to simulate the concentrations of prevalent and treatment-resistant reference pathogens (protozoa: Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp., bacteria: Salmonella and Campylobacter spp.
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