The subjective measures used to study mood disorders in humans cannot be replicated in animals; however, the increasing application of objective neuropsychological methods provides opportunities to develop translational animal tasks. Here we describe a novel behavioral approach, which has enabled us to investigate similar affective biases in rodents. In our affective bias test (ABT), rats encounter two independent positive experiences--the association between food reward and specific digging substrate--during discrimination learning sessions. These are performed on separate days under either neutral conditions or during a pharmacological or affective state manipulation. Affective bias is then quantified using a preference test where both previously rewarded substrates are presented together and the rat's choices recorded. The absolute value of the experience is kept consistent and all other factors are counterbalanced so that any bias at recall can be attributed to treatment. Replicating previous findings from studies in healthy volunteers, we observe significant positive affective biases following acute treatment with typical (fluoxetine, citalopram, reboxetine, venlafaxine, clomipramine) and atypical antidepressants (agomelatine, mirtazapine), and significant negative affective biases following treatment with drugs associated with inducing negative affective states in humans (FG7142, rimonabant, 13-cis retinoic acid). We also observed that acute psychosocial stress and environmental enrichment induce significant negative and positive affective biases, respectively, and provide evidence that these affective biases involve memory consolidation. The positive and negative affective biases induced in our test also mirror the antidepressant and pro-depressant effects of these drugs in patients suggesting our test has both translational and predictive validity. Our results suggest that cognitive affective biases could contribute to drug- or stress-induced mood changes in people and support the hypothesis that a cognitive neuropsychological mechanism contributes to antidepressant drug efficacy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.69 | DOI Listing |
J Acoust Soc Am
January 2025
Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Previous studies suggested that pitch characteristics of lexical tones in Standard Chinese influence various sensory perceptions, but whether they iconically bias emotional experience remained unclear. We analyzed the arousal and valence ratings of bi-syllabic words in two corpora (Study 1) and conducted an affect rating experiment using a carefully designed corpus of bi-syllabic words (Study 2). Two-alternative forced-choice tasks further tested the robustness of lexical tones' affective iconicity in an auditory nonce word context (Study 3).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
School of Marxism, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), this study explores the relationship between social media fatigue and online trolling behavior among Chinese college students, focusing on the mediating roles of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias as key affective and cognitive mechanisms proposed by GAM. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 349 college students from Guangdong via an online questionnaire. Key variables, including social media fatigue, relative deprivation, and hostile attribution bias, were measured using validated scales: the SNS Fatigue Questionnaire, the Personal Relative Deprivation Scale, the Word Sentence Association Paradigm for Hostility, and the revised Global Assessment of Internet Trolling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Section of Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Background: Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia. Even though several novel second-generation antipsychotics (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychopharmacology
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
There is an ongoing need to identify novel pharmacological agents for the effective treatment of depression. One emerging candidate, which has demonstrated rapid-acting antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant groups, is nitrous oxide (NO)-a gas commonly used for sedation and pain management in clinical settings and with a range of pharmacological effects, including antagonism of NMDA glutamate receptors. A growing body of evidence suggests that subanaesthetic doses of NO (50%) can interfere with the reconsolidation of maladaptive memories in healthy participants and across a range of disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Psychiatry
January 2025
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Inflammation is a probable biological pathway underlying the relationship between diabetes and depression, but data on differences between diabetes types and symptom clusters of depression are scarce. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to compare associations of a multimarker panel of biomarkers of inflammation with depressive symptoms and its symptom clusters between people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This cross-sectional study combined data from five studies including 1260 participants (n = 706 T1D, n = 454 T2D).
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