A variety of technology-aided programs have been developed to help persons with congenital or acquired multiple disabilities access preferred stimuli or choose among stimulus options. The application of those programs may pose problems when the participants have very limited behavior repertoires and are unable to use conventional responses and microswitches. The present two studies assessed non-conventional response-microswitch solutions for three of those participants. Study I included two participants who were exposed to a program in which forehead skin movement was the response required to access preferred stimulation. The microswitch was an optic sensor combined with a small black sticker on the forehead. Study II included one participant who was exposed to a program in which a smile response was required to choose among stimuli. The microswitch for monitoring the smile was a new camera-based technology. The results of the two studies showed that the response-microswitch solutions were suitable for the participants and enabled them to perform successfully. Implications of the studies for people with limited motor behavior and issues for future research were discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.02.019 | DOI Listing |
Mult Scler Relat Disord
December 2024
Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is divided into Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS) and Progressive (PMS) phenotypes, both associated with spinal cord (SC) damage. MS-related disability and SC atrophy are not yet fully understood and can differ across phenotypes. A combined approach using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could provide a broader understanding of myelin changes in the cervical SC (CSC) in different MS phenotypes and the associations with disability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
December 2024
Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia.
Objective: To study the quality of life (QoL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Smolensk region who receive MS disease-modifying therapies (DMT).
Material And Methods: The study included 37 patients receiving MS DMT. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Multiple sclerosis Quality of Life (MusiQol), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a scale of satisfaction with treatment, the Fatigue Severity Scale were administered.
Behav Brain Funct
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
The large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels, encoded by the KCNMA1 gene, play important roles in neuronal function. Mutations in KCNMA1 have been found in patients with various neurodevelopmental features, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies of KCNMA1 knockout mice have suggested altered activity patterns and behavioral flexibility, but it remained unclear whether these changes primarily affect immediate behavioral adaptation or longer-term learning processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pediatr
December 2024
School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
Background: Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically exhibit low levels of physical activity (PA) and delayed motor skills. Understanding the motor skill factors that influence PA participation in this population is essential for designing effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fundamental motor skills (FMS) and objectively measured PA among orphan children with severe ID residing in welfare institutions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Background: Recurrent attacks in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can lead to severe disability. We aimed to analyse the real-world use of immunotherapies in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD, focusing on changes in treatment strategies, effects on attack rates (ARR) and risk factors for attacks.
Methods: This longitudinal registry-based cohort study included 493 patients (320 with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) seropositive NMOSD (65%), 44 with AQP4-IgG seronegative NMOSD (9%) and 129 MOGAD (26%)) with 1247 treatments from 19 German and one Austrian centre from the registry of the neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS).
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