Background: Medical nutrition therapy is recognized as an important treatment option in type 2 diabetes. Most guidelines recommend eating a diet with a high intake of fiber-rich food including fruit. This is based on the many positive effects of fruit on human health. However some health professionals have concerns that fruit intake has a negative impact on glycemic control and therefore recommend restricting the fruit intake. We found no studies addressing this important clinical question. The objective was to investigate whether an advice to reduce the intake of fruit to patients with type 2 diabetes affects HbA1c, bodyweight, waist circumference and fruit intake.
Methods: This was an open randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups. The primary outcome was a change in HbA1c during 12 weeks of intervention. Participants were randomized to one of two interventions; medical nutrition therapy + advice to consume at least two pieces of fruit a day (high-fruit) or medical nutrition therapy + advice to consume no more than two pieces of fruit a day (low-fruit). All participants had two consultations with a registered dietitian. Fruit intake was self-reported using 3-day fruit records and dietary recalls. All assessments were made by the "intention to treat" principle.
Results: The study population consisted of 63 men and women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. All patients completed the trial. The high-fruit group increased fruit intake with 125 grams (CI 95%; 78 to 172) and the low-fruit group reduced intake with 51 grams (CI 95%; -18 to -83). HbA1c decreased in both groups with no difference between the groups (diff.: 0.19%, CI 95%; -0.23 to 0.62). Both groups reduced body weight and waist circumference, however there was no difference between the groups.
Conclusions: A recommendation to reduce fruit intake as part of standard medical nutrition therapy in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes resulted in eating less fruit. It had however no effect on HbA1c, weight loss or waist circumference. We recommend that the intake of fruit should not be restricted in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT01010594.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-29 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
University students are at a pivotal stage of shaping cancer risk factors. Little is known about their dietary behavior in Lebanon, a country heavily burdened by cancer. This cross-sectional study assessed the dietary knowledge of and adherence to cancer prevention guidelines among university students in Beirut, Lebanon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Nutr
January 2025
School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Purpose: Provision of nutrition information is mandated for packaged foods, but few countries regulate serving sizes. Our objective was to develop a methodology to establish globally consistent portion size recommendations for both nutrient-dense and discretionary foods.
Methods: A stepwise systematic approach incorporated portion values from serving size regulations (n = 10), food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG; n = 90, aggregated into 6 regions), and reported food intakes from Europe and Australia.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a systemic metabolic disease with a variable number and type of clinical symptoms mostly impacting the brain. Skin carotenoid content (SCC) is an objective measure of carotenoid-containing fruit and vegetable intake that has been validated in diverse populations. Our previous findings suggest SCC scores differ between older adults with and without AD regardless of dietary intake of carotenoids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
Unhealthy lifestyles risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity, have been associated with a higher risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. However, composite score of these unhealthy behaviours has not been considered, particularly in Latin American populations. Herein, we examined the association of lifestyle risk factors score with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Mexican adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObes Res Clin Pract
December 2024
Faculty of Data Science, Musashino University, 3-3-3 Ariake Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8181, Japan. Electronic address:
The study analyzes a CDC dataset on US adult obesity and physical activity from 2011 to 2022. Despite rising obesity rates and insufficient fruit consumption, physical activity levels are increasing and overweight rates are slightly declining. The role of ultra-processed food intake, price sensitivity, early eating habits, and stress in obesity is highlighted.
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