Serum CCL11 (eotaxin-1) and CCL17 (TARC) are serological indicators of multiple helminth infections and are driven by Schistosoma mansoni infection in humans. | LitMetric
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Published: June 2013
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate systemic serum cytokine and chemokine markers for inflammation and Th1/Th2 responses in relation to multiple helminth infections, parasite burden and/or nutritional status of individuals.
Methods: In a longitudinal study, stool samples from 210 individuals from an area highly endemic for Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus and Schistosoma mansoni were examined before and 12 months after clearance of parasites by chemotherapy. On both occasions, the presence of mono- or multiple infections and intensities of infection were compared with nutritional parameters and with serum cytokines or chemokines as markers for inflammatory, regulatory or Th1- or Th2-type immune responses.
Results: Before treatment, we were not able to associate any altered nutritional parameters with increased inflammatory responses, and highest intensities of infection were found in eutrophic participants with multiple infections. In contrast, major changes in serum Th2-type chemokine levels were measured in individuals infected with intestinal helminths and/or S. mansoni, and resulted in significantly higher CCL11 and CCL17 concentrations, both before treatment and after reinfection.
Conclusions: The driving force for these elevated type 2 serum chemokine concentrations was an S. mansoni infection and faecal egg counts significantly correlated with serum IL-10 concentrations.
Understanding the factors driving infection prevalence among host species is crucial for effective disease mitigation. Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, causes neuroangiostrongyliasis and serves as an excellent model for studying infection dynamics across hosts. This study investigates the relative impact of encounter rates on A.
Strongyloides stercoralis and Opisthorchis viverrini are helminth parasites responsible for significantly neglected tropical diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of these parasites and the risk factors for S. stercoralis and O.
Introduction: Increasing urbanization has particularly affected rivers and their outer edges in cities, including Kathmandu Valley, which encompasses Lalitpur, the nation's third-largest city. This study aims to conduct a parasitological survey to investigate the occurrence of zoonotic intestinal protozoa and helminths along the Karmanasa River bank in central Nepal.
Methods: Faecal samples from openly defaecating animals were collected via non-invasive techniques, and coproscopy was carried out using direct wet mount, concentration and acid-fast staining methods to ensure reliable findings.
Department of Genetics and Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
Despite decades of research on the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system based on an anatomical description of synaptic connectivity, the circuits underlying behavior remain incompletely described and the functions of many neurons are still unknown. Updated and more complete chemical and gap junction connectomes of both adult sexes covering the entire animal including the muscle end organ have become available recently. Here, these are analyzed to gain insight into the overall structure of the connectivity network and to suggest functions of individual neuron classes.
Secretion of neurotransmitter- and neuropeptide-containing vesicles is a regulated process orchestrated by multiple proteins. Of these, mutants, defective in the and genes, responsible for neurotransmitter and neuropeptide release, respectively, are routinely used to elucidate neural and circuitry functions. While these mutants result in severe functional deficits, their neuroanatomy is assumed to be intact.
