Many malarial antigens are poor immunogens in human. Chemical conjugation is one of the ways to enhance the immunogenicity of those poor immunogens. Its value has been demonstrated in malaria vaccine research. This article introduces the chemical linkers and the carrier proteins, which are often used for protein conjugation, and summarizes the research progress in malarial conjugate vaccine development.
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Apatinib and trastuzumab-based chemotherapy for heavily treated primary trastuzumab-resistant metastatic breast cancer.
J Cancer Res Ther
December 2024
Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the effects of a combination therapy (apatinib and trastuzumab-based chemotherapy) on patients with primary trastuzumab resistance (PTR) in HER2-positive breast cancer.
- A total of 20 PTR patients were treated, showing a clinical benefit rate of 55%, though no complete responses were observed, and median progression-free survival was 5.7 months.
- While the treatment had manageable side effects, further research is recommended to better identify which PTR patients could potentially benefit from this therapy.
Secreted LGALS3BP facilitates distant metastasis of breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Res
January 2025
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
Background: Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) can be treated with endocrine therapy targeting ER, however, metastatic recurrence occurs in 25% of the patients who have initially been treated. Secreted proteins from tumors play important roles in cancer metastasis but previous methods for isolating secretory proteins had limitations in identifying novel targets.
Methods: We applied an in situ secretory protein labeling technique using TurboID to analyze secretome from tamoxifen-resistant (TAMR) BC.
Development of a novel multi-epitope subunit mRNA vaccine candidate to combat Acinetobacter baumannii.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic bacterium prevalent in various environment, is a significant cause of nosocomial infections in ICUs. As the causative agent of pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, A. baumannii typically exhibits multidrug resistance and is associated with poor prognosis, thus led to a challenge for researchers in developing new treatment and prevention methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypophysitis associated with immune check piont inhibitors treatment: A case report and literature review.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
July 2024
Department of Endocrinology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) significantly improves survival in a number of cancer patients by blocking immunosuppressive molecules and reactivating the function of effector T cells to specifically kil tumor cells. This article reports a case of secondary hypoadrenocorticism caused by programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor related hypophysitis. A 65-year-old male patient received immunotherapy for right lung squamous cell carcinoma invading the chest wall (cT4N2M0) for 4 times.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlasma anti-CD4 IgG levels are associated with poor immune recovery in people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy.
AIDS
February 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
A segment of people with HIV on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) continue to experience poor immune recovery, leaving them at heightened risk of non-AIDS-defining events (NAEs). The production of anti-CD4 IgG autoreactive antibodies is suggested as one contributing mechanism to these complications. Here, we found that plasma anti-CD4 levels do not discriminate immunological responders from nonresponders nor predict the occurrence of NAEs, suggesting it is unlikely a contributing immunopathological factor associated with these complications.
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