Our aim was to evaluate the histological association of mandibular solid and multicystic ameloblastoma with the inferior alveolar nerve, both in situ and in segments of the nerve that had been removed separately, to assess the feasibility of preserving the nerve during resection of mandibular ameloblastomas. In this prospective histological examination of 13 resected hemimandibulectomy specimens, we studied the proximity of tumour cells to the inferior alveolar nerve. In group 1 (n=8) this association was examined with the nerve still within the mandibular segment after resection, while in group 2 (n=5) the nerve was removed from the resected tumour and examined separately. Perineural and intraneural involvement of the ameloblastoma with the nerve was confirmed in 5 cases in group 1 and 2 cases in group 2. Tumour cells abutted the nerve directly in group 1. In group 2 tumour was removed with, and found within, the nerve. On this evidence we cannot recommend preservation of the inferior alveolar nerve during operation for large, advanced, mandibular ameloblastomas.
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