Generalization to unfamiliar talkers in artificial language learning.

While there is evidence that talker-specific details are encoded in the phonetics of the lexicon (Kraljic, Samuel, & Brennan, Psychological Science 19(4):332-228, 2008; Logan, Lively, & Pisoni, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89(2):874-886, 1991) and in sentence processing (Nygaard & Pisoni, Perception & Psychophysics, 60(3):355-376, 1998), it is unclear whether categorical linguistic patterns are also represented in terms of talker-specific details. The present study provides evidence that adult learners form talker-independent representations for productive linguistic patterns. Participants were able to generalize a novel linguistic pattern to unfamiliar talkers. Learners were exposed to spoken words that conformed to a pattern in which vowels of a word agreed in place of articulation, referred to as vowel harmony. All items were presented in the voice of one single talker. Participants were tested on items that included both the familiar talker and an unfamiliar talker. Participants generalized the pattern to novel talkers when the talkers spoke with a familiar accent (Experiment 1), as well as with an unfamiliar accent (Experiment 2). Learners showed a small advantage for talker familiarity when the words were familiar, but not when the words were novel. These results are consistent with a theory of language processing in which the lexicon stores fine-grained, talker-specific phonetic details, but productive linguistic processes are subject to abstract, talker-independent representations.