Objective: To examine long-term outcome after tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in children.
Study Design: In this population-based cohort, 55 children with TBE with central nervous system involvement infected during 2004-2008 were evaluated 2-7 years later using the Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire (n = 42) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning for parents and teachers (n = 32, n = 22, respectively). General cognitive ability was investigated in a subgroup (n = 20) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition.
Results: At long-term follow-up, two-thirds of the children experienced residual problems, the main complaints being cognitive problems, headache, fatigue, and irritability. More than one-third of the children were reported by parents or teachers to have problems with executive functioning on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, mainly in areas involving initiating and organizing activities and working memory. Children who underwent Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition testing had a significantly lower working memory index compared with reference norms.
Conclusion: A large proportion of children experience an incomplete recovery after TBE with central nervous system involvement. Cognitive problems in areas of executive function and working memory are the most prevalent. Even if mortality and severe sequelae are low in children after TBE, all children should be followed after TBE to detect cognitive deficits.
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Article Synopsis
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by the TBE virus and typically presents milder symptoms in children, yet there's limited data on its incidence in this age group.* -
- A study at the University Hospital of Strasbourg identified four confirmed cases of TBE among pediatric patients from 2020 to 2022, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.51 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.* -
- The findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and follow-up care for affected children, as well as reconsidering vaccination guidelines due to observed cases among unvaccinated patients.*
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