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The Increased Frequency of Type 1 Regulatory T (Tr1) Cells and the Altered Expression of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) and Interferon Regulatory Factor-4 (IRF4) Genes in Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study.
Cureus
July 2024
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN.
Background and aim Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, play a crucial role in modulating autoimmune responses. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Tr1 cells and their association with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) gene expression levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to the healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat-1 (CRISPR-1) Locus as a Tool for Tracing the Zoonotic History of Salmonella enterica Strains.
Cureus
June 2024
Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, IRQ.
Background is a significant foodborne pathogen that causes considerable illness and death in humans and animals. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system in bacteria acts as an adaptive immune defense against invasive genetic elements by incorporating short intergenic spacers (IGSs) into CRISPR loci. These loci serve as molecular records of past interactions with phages and plasmids, providing insights into the transmission and evolution of bacterial strains across different hosts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Evolution of Scientific Knowledge in Childhood Asthma over Time: A Surprising History.
Children (Basel)
February 2024
Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
Asthma is a disease that has been described since the times of Hammurabi. However, it is only since the 1960s that effective therapeutic strategies have been available. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the disease have been deeply studied, contributing to creating a "patient-specific asthma" definition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of apixaban versus enoxaparin in preventing wound complications and deep venous thrombosis following total knee replacement surgery: A retrospective study.
Int J Clin Pract
October 2021
Hammurabi Collage of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
Background: Enoxaparin, a thromboprophylactic drug that is widely used for preventing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and surgical wound complications after total knee replacement surgery, can only be administered subcutaneously. Apixaban, a novel factor Xa inhibitor that could be comparable to enoxaparin, is an oral formulation and thus would be easier to manage.
Objective: To compare the thromboprophylactic effectiveness of apixaban and enoxaparin in patients receiving total knee replacements.
Quality improvement in pediatric urology-a historical perspective on street pumps, puerperal fever, surgical infection, and contemporary methodology.
J Pediatr Urol
October 2019
Division of Pediatric Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address:
Quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) can trace its origin back to the court of Hammurabi (circa 1700BC). However, it did not begin its evolution into its present methodology until the mid-19th century. It was through the application of quantitative parameters around the time of World War I that the field of QIPS has matured and gained a significant presence in the practice of medicine.
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