Enhanced care for primary hip arthroplasty: factors affecting length of hospital stay.

Background: Enhanced care in joint replacement requires identification and correction of the causes of delay in discharge while ensuring practice remains safe. We conducted prospective studies of factors delaying discharge following hip replacement in 2006 and 2010.

Methods: Daily data were twice collected prospectively in 100 consecutive unselected primary cemented THR, by an independent observer. Reasons for delays in discharge and variation from the patient pathway were identified and addressed.

Results: The mean length of stay (LOS) in 2006 was 4.3 days and in 2010, 3.56 days (target for discharge 4 days). In 2006, 31 patients had a stay of more than 4 days, 17 due to inadequate physiotherapy provision, 10 for medical and 4 for other reasons. In 2010, 15 patients had a stay of more than 4 days, 1 patient had inadequate physiotherapy provision, in 7 cases discharge was delayed because of need for blood transfusion and 7 because of need for catheterisation. Women aged more than 70 with preoperative haemoglobin of <12 g/dL were at particularly high risk of requiring transfusion. Catheterisation was also identified as a factor causing significant increase in LOS. Patients going home in less than 4 days were more likely to have had their operation in the morning.

Conclusion: Patient LOS is multifactorial and can be reduced by regular review of the care pathway to effect incremental changes that have a significant impact on reducing stay.