Living attenuated vaccines may help control infection with Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica ser abortusovis in sheep without constraints incompatible with husbandry. Virulence and immunogenicity of 2 Abortusovis streptomycin-dependent strains and 3 reverse mutants were compared in sheep, the virulent parental strain Abortusovis 15/5 being used as reference. Reduction of virulence with conservation of some immunogenicity was demonstrated for the 5 mutant strains after intravenous or subcutaneous inoculation. A 5-day bacteriemia was detectable after intravenous inoculation with parental strain, whereas none was shown with mutant strains. Mutant reverse strains survived in loco-regional lymph nodes for at least 12 days. The dependent strain D5 and reverse strain Rv6 were selected for subcutaneous vaccination of 2 groups of 18 ewes 32 days before fecundation. Ten pregnant ewes per group and 10 unvaccinated ewes were randomly selected among pregnant animals and were challenged subcutaneously at mid-gestation. Both vaccines conferred protection, but Rv6 was more efficient than D5 and was chosen as the vaccinal strain.
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