K+ transporter AtCHX17 with its hydrophilic C tail localizes to membranes of the secretory/endocytic system: role in reproduction and seed set. | LitMetric
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, and Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Published: July 2013
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Article Abstract
The importance of sorting proteins and wall materials to their destination is critical for plant growth and development, though the machinery orchestrating membrane trafficking is poorly understood. Transporters that alter the environment across endomembrane compartments are thought to be important players. Using Escherichia coli and yeast, we previously showed that several Arabidopsis Cation/H(+) eXchanger (AtCHX) members were K(+) transporters with a role in pH homeostasis, though their subcellular location and biological roles in plants are unclear. Co-expression of markers with CHX16, CHX17, CHX18, or CHX19 tagged with a fluorescent protein indicated these transporters associated with plasma membrane (PM) and post-Golgi compartments. Under its native promoter, AtCHX17(1-820)-GFP localized to prevacuolar compartment (PVC) and to PM in roots. Brefeldin A diminished AtCHX17-GFP fluorescence at PM, whereas wortmannin caused formation of GFP-labeled ring-like structures, suggesting AtCHX17 trafficked among PVC, vacuole and PM. AtCHX17(1-472) lacking its carboxylic tail did not associate with PVC or PM in plant cells. Single chx17 mutant or higher-order mutants showed normal root growth and vegetative development. However, quadruple (chx16chx17chx18chx19) mutants were reduced in frequency and produced 50%-70% fewer seeds, indicating overlapping roles of several AtCHX17-related transporters in reproduction and/or seed development. Together, our results suggest that successful reproduction and seed development depend on the ability to regulate cation and pH homeostasis by AtCHX17-like transporters on membranes that traffic in the endocytic and/or secretory pathways.
Plants can sustain various degrees of damage or compensate for tissue loss by regrowth without significant fitness costs. This tolerance to insect herbivory depends on the plant's developmental stage during which the damage is inflicted and on how much tissue is removed. Plant fitness correlates, that is, biomass and germination of seeds, were determined at different ontogenetic stages, vegetative, budding, or flowering stages of three annual brassicaceous species exposed to feeding by Pieris brassicae caterpillars at different intensities.
Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding and High Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Clonal reproduction through seeds, also termed apomixis, has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by allowing hybrid crops to be clonally propagated. Although apomixis has been introduced into rice through engineering in recent years, the poor fertility and low-frequency clonal reproduction of synthetic apomicts hinder the application of apomixis in crop breeding. Here, in elite hybrid rice, we generated many apomicts, which produced clonal progeny with frequencies of > 95.
Objective: To describe the dietary diversity and micronutrients adequacy among women of reproductive age during 2015-2017 in China.
Methods: Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2015-2017. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used, and 17622 women aged 15-49 years from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) were involved.
Rice is considered to be moderately salt-tolerant during germination, development, and ripening stages, and environmentally sensitive during seedling and reproductive stages, which affects seedling emergence and growth, resulting in significant yield losses. Seed conditioning with chitosan has been employed as a useful tool in high-salinity environments with the aim of increasing crop productivity and quality, as well as promoting more sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of seed conditioning with chitosan on seed germination and rice seedling growth under salinity stress.
Shrub encroachment can alter the structure and function of grassland ecosystems, leading to their degradation. Therefore, population regeneration dynamics after shrub encroachment on the influence of grassland should not be ignored. , as a pioneer species, has significantly encroached with large areas on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) due to climate change and over-grazing.
