Severity: Warning
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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Function: require_once
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
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Function: require_once
Background: Oral bovine colostrum prophylaxis accelerates the recovery of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In the present study the beneficial effects on acute intestinal inflammation of two major colostral components, secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin, were investigated. Outbred NMRI mice received whole bovine colostrum (BC, 20 mg/kg body weight), colostral bovine lactoferrin (bLf, 150 mg/kg), or secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA, 1-2 mg/kg body weight) daily by oral gavage, either two weeks before induction of colitis (prophylaxis) or after disease establishment (therapy). Bovine serum albumin (BSA, 150 mg/kg body weight) and immunoglobulin G (IgG, 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight) served as protein controls. Colitis was induced by providing 5% DSS solution ad libitum for seven days.
Results: Compared to BSA, BC therapy improved occult blood, stool consistency, and clinical recovery from colitis but did not prevent initial weight loss. In contrast, administration of bLf did not influence the course of colitis in either the prophylactic or the therapeutic setting. Therapeutic application of sIgA promoted weight gain in the recovery phase of colitis but failed to improve other clinical parameters. Prophylactically-fed sIgA influenced immune cell redistribution, normalized peripheral blood CD11c⁺CD83⁺ mature dendritic cells, modulated colonic immune cell infiltration, and altered the numbers of both DSS-induced regulatory γδ TCR⁺ T cells and CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ myeloid suppressor cells in the lymph nodes and spleens of mice.
Conclusions: These data demonstrated the potential of colostrum in disease recovery and epithelial homeostasis following intestinal injury. Colostral sIgA failed to improve acute disease activity but promoted weight gain and modulated immune cell responses that are involved in the genesis of colitis.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620570 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-14-10 | DOI Listing |
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