Renewed awareness of the substantial morbidity and mortality that Shigella infection causes among young children in developing countries, combined with technological innovations in vaccinology, has led to the development of novel vaccine strategies in the past 5 years. Along with advancement of classic vaccines in clinical trials and new sophisticated measurements of immunological responses, much new data has been produced, lending promise to the potential for production of safe and effective Shigella vaccines. Herein, we review the latest progress in Shigella vaccine development within the framework of persistent obstacles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2013.12 | DOI Listing |
NPJ Vaccines
January 2025
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Dysentery caused by Shigella species remains a major health threat to children in low- and middle-income countries. There is no vaccine available. The most advanced candidates, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
December 2024
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Unlabelled: Toxin:antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and were first identified as plasmid addiction systems that kill bacteria lacking a TA-encoding plasmid following cell division. TA systems have also been implicated in bacterial persistence and antibiotic tolerance, which can be precursors of antibiotic resistance. Here, we identified a clinical isolate of (CS14) with a remarkably stable pINV virulence plasmid; pINV is usually frequently lost from , but plasmid loss was not detected from CS14.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Immun
December 2024
Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
infection poses a significant public health challenge in the developing world. However, lack of a widely available mouse model that replicates human shigellosis creates a major bottleneck to better understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of newer drugs and vaccines. BALB/c mice pre-treated with streptomycin and iron (FeCl) plus desferrioxamine intraperitoneally followed by oral infection with virulent resulted in diarrhea, loss of body weight, bacterial colonization and progressive colitis characterized by disruption of epithelial lining, loss of crypt architecture with goblet cell depletion, increased polymorphonuclear infiltration into the mucosa, submucosal swelling (edema), and raised proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the large intestine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Diarrheal diseases caused by and enterotoxigenic (ETEC) are significant health burdens, especially in resource-limited regions with high child mortality. In response to the lack of licensed vaccines and rising antibiotic resistance for these pathogens, this study developed a recombinant strain with the novel incorporation of the gene for the heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) subunit of ETEC directly into 's genome, enhancing stability and consistent production. This approach combines the immunogenic potential of LTB with the antigen delivery properties of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), aiming to provide cross-protection against both bacterial pathogens in a stable, non-replicating vaccine platform.
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