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Endogenous reward is a bridge between social/cognitive and behavioral models of choice.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, PA,
Endogenous reward (intrinsic reward at will) is a that is by steps toward any goals which are challenging and/or uncommon enough to prevent its debasement by inflation. A "theory of mental computational processes" should propose what properties let goals grow from appetites for endogenous rewards. Endogenous reward may be the universal selective factor in all modifiable mental processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLinking warmer nest temperatures to reduced body size in seabird nestlings: Possible mitochondrial bioenergetic and proteomic mechanisms.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Ornis italica, Rome, Italy.
Rapid reduction of body size in populations responding to global warming suggests the involvement of temperature-dependent physiological adjustments during growth, such as mitochondrial alterations, in the efficiency of producing metabolic energy, a process that is poorly explored, especially in endotherms. Here, we examined the mitochondrial metabolism and proteomic profile of red blood cells in relation to body size and cellular energetics in nestling shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) developing at different natural temperatures. We found that nestlings of warmer nests had lighter bodies and smaller beaks at fledging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating low NO hydrogen engines designed for off-road and construction applications.
Environ Sci Process Impacts
January 2025
Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Hydrogen internal combustion engines offer a near-term decarbonisation pathway for hard to electrify sectors such as non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). However, few hydrogen-specific engines have ever been developed with the twin-goals of maximising low carbon energy efficiency and delivering air quality co-benefits. We present analyses of dynamometer-derived nitrogen oxides (NO) tailpipe emissions from four variants of a ∼55 kW four-cylinder port fuelled injection spark ignition hydrogen internal combustion engine (H2ICE) suitable for a range of uses within the NRMM industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-wide identification, characterization and expression pattern analysis of HAK/KUP/KT potassium transporter gene family in potato.
Front Plant Sci
January 2025
College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
The HAK/KUP/KT (High-affinity K transporters/K uptake permeases/K transporters) is the largest and most dominant potassium transporter family in plants, playing a crucial role in various biological processes. However, our understanding of HAK/KUP/KT gene family in potato ( L.) remains limited and unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter the Matrix: Fibroblast-immune cell interactions shape extracellular matrix deposition in health and disease.
F1000Res
January 2025
Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Fibroblasts, non-hematopoietic cells of mesenchymal origin, are tissue architects which regulate the topography of tissues, dictate tissue resident cell types, and drive fibrotic disease. Fibroblasts regulate the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that comprise the acellular milieu of tissues. Fibroblasts can directly and indirectly regulate immune responses by secreting ECM and ECM-bound molecules to shape tissue structure and influence organ function.
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