Objective: A study was undertaken to identify the molecular cause of Welander distal myopathy (WDM), a classic autosomal dominant distal myopathy.
Methods: The genetic linkage was confirmed and defined by microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping. The whole linked genomic region was sequenced with targeted high-throughput and Sanger sequencing, and coding transcripts were sequenced on the cDNA level. WDM muscle biopsies were studied by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Splicing of TIA1 and its target genes in muscle and myoblast cultures was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Mutant TIA1 was characterized by cell biological studies on HeLa cells, including quantification of stress granules by high content analysis and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments.
Results: The linked haplotype at 2p13 was narrowed down to <806 kb. Sequencing by multiple methods revealed only 1 segregating coding mutation, c.1362 G>A (p.E384K) in the RNA-binding protein TIA1, a key component of stress granules. Immunofluorescence microscopy of WDM biopsies showed a focal increase of TIA1 in atrophic and vacuolated fibers. In HeLa cells, mutant TIA1 constructs caused a mild increase in stress granule abundance compared to wild type, and showed slower average fluorescence recovery in FRAP.
Interpretation: WDM is caused by mutated TIA1 through a dominant pathomechanism probably involving altered stress granule dynamics.
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Decoding the Molecular Grammar of TIA1-Dependent Stress Granules in Proteostasis and Welander Distal Myopathy Under Oxidative Stress.
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Article Synopsis
- TIA-1 is a protein that helps form stress granules in cells, and it can change shape.
- Some changes in TIA-1 are linked to serious diseases like ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) and Welander distal myopathy.
- The study discovered how certain mutations can make TIA-1 stick together more or less, which might lead to harmful clumps in the body, causing diseases.
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