The European Regulation 1907/2006 (REACH--Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) obliges manufacture companies and import chemicals to assess the risks arising from their use and to take the necessary measures to manage the risks identified. The Chemical Safety Report provides an accurate assessment of hazards to human health and the environment necessary to prepare an exposure scenario for the "identified uses" of the substance. An exposure scenario is the set of conditions that describe how the substance is manufactured or used during its life cycle and how the manufacturer or importer controls, or recommends downstream users to control the 'exposure to humans and the environment. Firms therefore need specific skills. The spectrum of toxicological risk is extremely large, the information required in some cases are very complex and undoubtedly require a thorough knowledge in toxicology and environmental industry. The expertise and experience in toxicology of the occupational physician in this case may become useful in the environmental field as well as another familiar figure of relevant importance is the occupational hygienist who develop exposure scenarios for workers and their uses experience for the exposure scenarios for the consumer. It provides an obvious involvement of medical toxicologists and occupational hygienists for public tasks of control and inspection of chemical safety reports and, locally, even the accuracy of risk that arise from this.
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Arch Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
About one-fifth of people in industrialised countries are tattooed, potentially putting them at risk of exposure to possible carcinogenic or otherwise harmful substances. This study aims to determine the exposure to soluble tattoo ink ingredients and their excretion within 24 h after tattooing. In this clinical study, 24 subjects were tattooed with black or red tattoo ink to which the 3 tracer substances, potassium iodide, 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 2-phenoxyethanol (PEtOH), had been added to mimic known substances found in tattoo inks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Jiangsu University, Institute for Energy Research, No. 301, Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, CHINA.
Various organic and inorganic reagents containing N/O functional groups have been developed as additives to aqueous electrolytes (e.g., ZnSO4, ZS) of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Wayne State University, Chemistry, 5101 Cass Avenue, RM 275, 48202, Detroit, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a promising therapy for a variety of pulmonary conditions but is limited by the cost, portability, and safety limitations of the compressed gas cylinders used in conventional iNO delivery systems. On-demand generation of iNO via thermally controlled decomposition of an NO-genic precursor is an attractive alternative to systems based on compressed gas cylinders. However, most NO-releasing materials, which would form the basis of such a system, are designed for in vivo applications, and not gas flow release at elevated temperatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Soc Rev
January 2025
Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
The battery market is primarily dominated by lithium technology, which faces severe challenges because of the low abundance and high cost of lithium metal. In this regard, multivalent metal-ion batteries (MVIBs) enabled by multivalent metal ions ( Zn, Mg, Ca, Al, ) have received great attention as an alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) due to the high abundance and low cost of multivalent metals, high safety and higher volumetric capacities. However, the successful application of these battery chemistries requires careful control over electrode and electrolyte chemistries due to the higher charge density and slower kinetics of multivalent metal ions, structural instability of the electrode materials, and interfacial resistance, This review comprehensively explores the recent advancements in electrode and electrolyte materials as well as separators for MVIBs, highlighting the potential of MVIBs to outperform Li-ion batteries regarding cost, energy density and safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Biodivers
January 2025
Universite de Strasbourg, UMR 7200 Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, 74 route du Rhin - CS 60024 - 67401 Illkirch Cédex - France, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, BELGIUM.
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Niger, accounting for 5.6% of global malaria-related deaths. Local medicinal plants are frequently used as traditional treatments for malaria, although their efficacy and safety are often insufficiently investigated.
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