AI Article Synopsis
- The study critiques the T4a subclassification in the TNM staging system for oral cancers, suggesting it relies too heavily on anatomical data.
- Researchers analyzed the proximity of extrinsic tongue muscles to the tongue's lateral surface, utilizing the Visible Human Female for detailed measurements.
- Findings reveal that the styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles are very close to the tongue's surface, leading to the conclusion that their inclusion in T4a staging may not be warranted based on their anatomy.
Article Abstract
Purpose: The current T4a subclassification of the TNM staging system for oral malignancies has been criticised as based almost exclusively on anatomical data. The aim of this study was to provide anatomical confirmation of the muscular constraints of T4a classification of oral tongue tumours.
Methods: A detailed anatomical study describing and measuring the adjacency of the named extrinsic tongue muscles to the lateral tongue surface was completed on the Visible Human Female (VHF). The distance of styloglossus and hyoglossus to the over lying mucosa were determined.
Results: The appearance, position, orientation and anatomical relationships of the lateral tongue extrinsic muscles, with comparison to their classical descriptions are described. The right VHF styloglossus was 1.3 mm (0.33-1.48) and left 2.91 mm (0.66-7.68) from the mucosal surface in the axial plane. The right VHF hyoglossus was 2.93 mm (1.48-4.96) and left 4.33 (1.68-8.71) from the mucosal surface in the axial line.
Conclusions: In the lateral tongue, styloglossus and hyoglossus are very superficial. The inclusion criteria of hyoglossus and styloglossus in the T4a staging does not appear justified based upon their anatomical position.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-013-1076-6 | DOI Listing |
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