Copper is vital to cell function. The influx of reduced copper ions is controlled by two functionally homologous transmembrane solute carrier transporters CTR1 (encoded by SLC31A1) and CTR2 (encoded by SLC31A2). These copper transporters vary in their expression profiles and intracellular localisation patterns. CTR1 plays roles in the developing embryo as well as regulating homeostasis in the adult mammal. In contrast, the regulation, expression and function of CTR2 is poorly defined. Both are capable of transporting other divalent metal ions and are the primary transporters for platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin. This review summarises our current understanding of these two copper transporters and highlights their roles in cellular processes, embryonic development, differentiation, cancer, immunity and disease.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2013.01.018 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Membrane drug transporters in cancer: From chemoresistance mechanism to therapeutic strategies.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer
January 2025
Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China. Electronic address:
Chemoresistance is a multifactorial phenomenon and the primary cause to the ineffectiveness of oncotherapy and cancer recurrence. Membrane drug transporters are crucial for drug delivery and disposition in cancer cells. Changes in the expression and functionality of these transporters lead to decreased intracellular accumulation and reduced toxicity of antineoplastic drugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRestoration of Genetic Code in Macular Mouse Fibroblasts via APOBEC1-Mediated RNA Editing.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering Research Area, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi 923-1211, Japan.
RNA editing is a significant mechanism underlying genetic variation and protein molecule alteration; C-to-U RNA editing, specifically, is important in the regulation of mammalian genetic diversity. The ability to define and limit accesses of enzymatic machinery to avoid the modification of unintended targets is key to the success of RNA editing. Identification of the core component of the apoB RNA editing holoenzyme, APOBEC, and investigation into new candidate genes encoding other elements of the complex could reveal further details regarding APOBEC-mediated mRNA editing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the Gating Mechanism of the Human Copper Transporter, hCtr1, Using EPR Spectroscopy.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
Ctr1 is a membrane-spanning homotrimer that facilitates copper uptake in eukaryotic cells with high affinity. While structural details of the transmembrane domain of human Ctr1 have been elucidated using X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM, the transfer mechanisms of copper and the conformational changes that control the gating mechanism remain poorly understood. The role of the extracellular N-terminal domains is particularly unclear due to the absence of a high-resolution structure of the full-length hCtr1 protein and limited biochemical and biophysical characterization of the transporter in solution and in cell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Chromosome-Level Genome Sequence Reveals Regulation of Salt Stress Response in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.
Physiol Plant
January 2025
Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
Salt stress disturbs plant growth and photosynthesis due to its toxicity. The ice plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a highly salt-tolerant facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant. However, the genetic basis of the salt tolerance mechanisms in ice plants remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of cuproptosis in gliomas pathogenesis with targeting options.
Chem Biol Interact
January 2025
Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece. Electronic address:
Gliomas constitute the most prevalent primary central nervous system tumors, often characterized by complex metabolic profile, genomic instability, and aggressiveness, leading to frequent relapse and high mortality rates. Traditional treatments are commonly ineffective because of gliomas increased heterogeneity, invasive characteristics and resistance to chemotherapy. Among several pathways affecting cellular homeostasis, cuproptosis has recently emerged as a novel type of programmed cell death, triggered by accumulation of copper ions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!