Children with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) are more likely to display a pattern of good-decoding/poor comprehension than their neurologically intact peers. The goals of the current study were to (1) examine the cognitive origins of one of the component skills of comprehension, bridging inferences, from a developmental perspective and (2) to test the effects of those relations on reading comprehension achievement. Data from a sample of children with SBM and a control group (n = 78) who participated in a longitudinal study were taken from age 36-month and 9.5-year time points. A multiple mediation model provided evidence that three preschool cognitive abilities (working memory/inhibitory control, oral comprehension, narrative recall), could partially explain the relation between group and bridging inference skill. A second mediation model supported that each of the 36-month abilities had an indirect effect on reading comprehension through bridging inference skill. Findings contribute to an understanding of both typical and atypical comprehension development, blending theories from the developmental, cognitive, and neuropsychological literature.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355617712001579 | DOI Listing |
Rehabil Psychol
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado.
Purpose/objective: The transition from childhood to adulthood often involves emotional challenges. These problems may be especially prominent for transition-age adults (TAA) with pediatric-onset disabilities, although there are currently few studies that speak to this. The aim of this study is to characterize depressive symptoms and the association with family functioning in a sample of TAA with pediatric-onset disabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpine J
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshin Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
Background: Pediatric lumbar spondylolysis (LS) is common in junior and senior high school athletes. Lower LS (L4-L5 level) is more common in children, and upper LS (L1-L3 level) is relatively rare; therefore, the pathogenesis of upper LS remains unclear.
Purpose: To elucidate the mechanisms of upper LS by identifying and comparing characteristics between upper and lower LS cases.
Nutrients
December 2024
Pediatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Background: Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder that mainly affects children and adolescents. Most patients present with extreme body dissatisfaction and an obsessive focus on body weight and food. Anorexia nervosa is a complex and multifactorial condition characterised by biological, psychological, and social factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNitric Oxide
January 2025
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile endogenous molecule with multiple physiological roles, including neurotransmission, vasodilation, and immune regulation. As part of the immune response, NO exerts antimicrobial effects by producing reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These RNS combat pathogens via mechanisms such as DNA deamination, S-nitrosylation of thiol groups, and lipid peroxidation, leading to disruptions in microbial cell membranes and vital protein functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
The human brain connectome is characterized by the duality of highly modular structure and efficient integration, supporting information processing. Newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD), prematurity, or spina bifida aperta (SBA) constitute a population at risk for altered brain development and developmental delay (DD). We hypothesize that, independent of etiology, alterations of connectomic organization reflect neural circuitry impairments in cognitive DD.
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