Multiscale approach combining nonadiabatic dynamics with long-time radiative and non-radiative decay: dissociative ionization of heavy rare-gas tetramers revisited.

A multiscale approach is proposed to address short-time nonadiabatic dynamics and long-time decay. We show the role of both radiative and non-radiative processes in cluster decay mechanisms on examples of rare-gas cluster fragmentation after electron impact ionization. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics is used as an efficient tool for theoretical study on femto- and picosecond scales and a multiscale approach based on kinetic rates of radiative as well as non-radiative transitions, both considered as parallel reaction channels, is used for the analysis of the long-time system relaxation spanning times over microseconds to infinity. While the radiative processes are typically slow, the system relaxation through non-radiative electronic transitions connected with electron-nuclear interchange of energy may, on the other hand, significantly vary in kinetic rates according to kinetic couplings between relevant adiabatic states. While the predictions of picosecond molecular dynamics themselves fail, the results of the multiscale model for the electron-impact post-ionization fragmentation of krypton and xenon tetramers are in agreement with experiment, namely, in leading to the conclusion that charged monomers prevail. More specifically, on microsecond and longer scales, mainly slow radiative processes are substantial for krypton cluster decay, while for xenon the radiative and slow non-radiative processes compete. In general, the role of slow decay processes through non-radiative transitions is comparable with the role of radiative decay mechanism. The novel multiscale model substantially improves theoretical predictions for the xenon tetramer decay and also further improves the good agreement between theory and experiment we reached previously for krypton.