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Different traits dominate evolution at early and late stages of adaptive radiation.
Evolution
March 2025
Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Adaptive radiation (AR), a process of rapid speciation and ecomorphological diversification, played an important role in generating past and contemporary global biodiversity. An unsolved question is what maintains high rates of speciation during AR, a phenomenon we call "speciation paradox". One possible explanation for resolving this paradox is a sequential trait evolution, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnergy-Dependent Non-Photochemical Quenching: PsbS, LhcSR, and Other Players.
Biochemistry (Mosc)
January 2025
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
The photosynthetic apparatus of plants is capable of capturing even weak fluxes of light energy. Hence, strong and rapid increase in irradiance should be dangerous for plants. To solve the problems caused by fluctuations of incident radiation (up to excessive), plants have developed a number of protective mechanisms, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of excited chlorophyll states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTracking HIV persistence across T cell lineages during early ART-treated HIV-1-infection using a reservoir-marking humanized mouse model.
Nat Commun
March 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection depletes CD4 T-cells, and long-term persistence of latent virus prevents full clearance of HIV even in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), Here we present the HIV-1-induced lineage tracing (HILT) system, a model that irreversibly marks infected cells within a humanized mouse model, which detects rare latently infected cells. Immunodeficient mice transplanted with genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells develop a human immune system, in which CD4 T-cells contain a genetic switch that permanently labels cells infected by HIV-1 expressing cre-recombinase. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of HILT-marked cells during acute infection and post-ART treatment, we identify distinct CD4+ T-cell transcriptional lineages enriched in either active or latent infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Efficacy and safety of romiplostim in aplastic anemia refractory or intolerant to immunosuppressive therapy with eltrombopag].
Rinsho Ketsueki
March 2025
Division of Hematology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital.
Combination of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and thrombopoietin receptor agonists has revolutionized the treatment of aplastic anemia. In this study, 18 patients with eltrombopag (EPAG)-refractory and intolerant AA, including 16 with severe AA, were switched from EPAG to romiplostim and continued with romiplostim for at least three months. Of the 18 patients (7 refractory and 11 intolerant to EPAG), 13 (72%) achieved a response, with a therapeutic response in at least one lineage within three months, and nine patients (50%) showed a trilineage response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInduction of SOX17 with stimulation of WNT, TGF-beta, and FGF signaling drives embryonal carcinomas into the yolk-sac tumor lineage resulting in increased cisplatin resistance.
Int J Cancer
March 2025
Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Relapsing germ cell tumor (GCT) patients often harbor components of the aggressive subtype yolk-sac tumor (YST), suggesting that YST formation is an escape mechanism under therapy. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms inducing YST development from its stem cell-like precursor embryonal carcinoma (EC) are largely unexplored. We demonstrated that the induction of the transcription factor SOX17 together with the stimulation of WNT, TGF-beta / Activin, and FGF signaling drives EC cells into the YST lineage.
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