The generation of astrophysically relevant jets, from magnetically collimated, laser-produced plasmas, is investigated through three-dimensional, magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We show that for laser intensities I∼10(12)-10(14) W cm(-2), a magnetic field in excess of ∼0.1 MG, can collimate the plasma plume into a prolate cavity bounded by a shock envelope with a standing conical shock at its tip, which recollimates the flow into a supermagnetosonic jet beam. This mechanism is equivalent to astrophysical models of hydrodynamic inertial collimation, where an isotropic wind is focused into a jet by a confining circumstellar toruslike envelope. The results suggest an alternative mechanism for a large-scale magnetic field to produce jets from wide-angle winds.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.025002 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
October 2024
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands.
The achievement of valley-polarized electron currents is a cornerstone for the realization of valleytronic devices. Here, we report on ballistic coherent transport experiments where two opposite quantum point contacts (QPCs) are defined by electrostatic gating in a bilayer graphene (BLG) channel. By steering the ballistic currents with an out-of-plane magnetic field we observe two current jets, a consequence of valley-dependent trigonal warping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Phys
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Background: Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) treatment machines enables the characterization of photon/electron interactions in the presence of a magnetic field. The EGSnrc MC code system is a well-established system for radiation dose calculations. The multi-leaf collimator (MLC) component modules presently available within the EGSnrc MC code system do not include a model of the double-focused MLC available on a low-field (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
September 2024
Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS-Univ Paris-Sud-UPMC, Rte de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
A system for studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of fluctuations in the boundary of the W7-X plasma using the "Gas-Puff Imaging" (GPI) technique has been designed, constructed, installed, and operated. This GPI system addresses a number of challenges specific to long-pulse superconducting devices, such as W7-X, including the long distance between the plasma and the vacuum vessel wall, the long distance between the plasma and diagnostic ports, the range of last closed flux surface (LCFS) locations for different magnetic configurations in W7-X, and management of heat loads on the system's plasma-facing components. The system features a pair of "converging-diverging" nozzles for partially collimating the gas puffed locally ≈135 mm radially outboard of the plasma boundary, a pop-up turning mirror for viewing the gas puff emission from the side (which also acts as a shutter for the re-entrant vacuum window), and a high-throughput optical system that collects visible emission resulting from the interaction between the puffed gas and the plasma and directs it along a water-cooled re-entrant tube directly onto the 8 × 16 pixel detector array of the fast camera.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Phys
November 2024
Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging devices have been integrated with medical linear accelerators (linac) in radiation therapy. Both perpendicular linac-MR (LMR-B⊥) and parallel (LMR-B∥) systems exist, where due to the MR's magnetic field dose can be perturbed in the patient. Dose perturbations from the electron return effect (ERE) and electron streaming effects (ESEs) are present in LMR-B⊥ systems, where a dose collimating effect has been observed in LMR-B∥ systems .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
July 2024
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Thin films of the superconductor YBaCuO (YBCO) were modified by low-energy light-ion irradiation employing collimated or focused He beams, and the long-term stability of irradiation-induced defects was investigated. For films irradiated with collimated beams, the resistance was measured in situ during and after irradiation and analyzed using a phenomenological model. The formation and stability of irradiation-induced defects are highly influenced by temperature.
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