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The interest of rehabilitation of respiratory disorders in athletes: Myth or reality?
Ann Phys Rehabil Med
June 2022
University Centre of Sports Medicine and Adapted Physical Activity, CHRU de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Physiology, Université de Lorraine, DevAH, 54000 Nancy, France.
Background: Healthy trained athletes generally have an "overbuilt" respiratory system in order to face the huge ventilation and gas-exchange demand imposed by strenuous exercise. Athletes frequently complain of respiratory symptoms regardless of whether they have a diagnosed respiratory disease, therefore evoking a kind of respiratory limitation during exercise. Some respiratory pathologies athletes present are closely linked to exercise and include asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) or exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs the healthy respiratory system built just right, overbuilt, or underbuilt to meet the demands imposed by exercise?
J Appl Physiol (1985)
December 2020
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
In the healthy, untrained young adult, a case is made for a respiratory system (airways, pulmonary vasculature, lung parenchyma, respiratory muscles, and neural ventilatory control system) that is near ideally designed to ensure a highly efficient, homeostatic response to exercise of varying intensities and durations. Our aim was then to consider circumstances in which the intra/extrathoracic airways, pulmonary vasculature, respiratory muscles, and/or blood-gas distribution are underbuilt or inadequately regulated relative to the demands imposed by the cardiovascular system. In these instances, the respiratory system presents a significant limitation to O transport and contributes to the occurrence of locomotor muscle fatigue, inhibition of central locomotor output, and exercise performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn vivo strains in the femur of river cooter turtles (Pseudemys concinna) during terrestrial locomotion: tests of force-platform models of loading mechanics.
J Exp Biol
August 2008
Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Previous analyses of ground reaction force (GRF) and kinematic data from river cooter turtles (Pseudemys concinna) during terrestrial walking led to three primary conclusions about the mechanics of limb bone loading in this lineage: (1) the femur was loaded in a combination of axial compression, bending and torsion, similar to previously studied non-avian reptiles, (2) femoral shear stresses were high despite the possession of a reduced tail in turtles that does not drag on the ground and (3) stress-based calculations of femoral safety factors indicated high values in bending and torsion, similar to other reptiles and suggesting that substantial 'overbuilding' of limb bones could be an ancestral feature of tetrapods. Because force-platform analyses produce indirect estimates of bone loading, we sought to validate these conclusions by surgically implanting strain gauges on turtle femora to directly measure in vivo strains during terrestrial walking. Strain analyses verified axial compression and bending as well as high torsion in turtle femora, with peak axial strains comparable to those of other non-avian reptiles at similar walking speeds but higher peak shear strains approaching 2000 microepsilon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[The John Sutton Lecture: CSEP, 2002]. Pulmonary system limitations to exercise in health.
Can J Appl Physiol
March 2004
Dept. of Population Health Sciences, John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
It is commonly held that the structural capacity of the normal lung is "overbuilt" and exceeds the demand for pulmonary O2 and CO2 transport in the healthy, exercising human. On the other hand, the adaptability of pulmonary system structures to habitual physical training is substantially less than are other links in the O2 transport system. Accordingly, in some highly fit, and even in some not so fit habitually active individuals, the lung's diffusion surface, airways, and/or chest-wall musculature are underbuilt relative to the demand for maximal O2 transport.
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