Background: Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), a tick-borne viral disease with hemorrhagic manifestations, is localised in five districts of Karnataka state, India. Annual rounds of vaccination using formalin inactivated tissue-culture vaccine have been conducted in the region since 1990. Two doses of vaccine are administered to individuals aged 7-65 years at an interval of one month followed by periodic boosters after 6-9 months. In spite of high effectiveness of the vaccine reported in earlier studies, KFD cases among vaccinated individuals have been recently reported. We analysed KFD vaccination and case surveillance data from 2005 to 2010.
Methodology/principal Findings: We calculated KFD incidence among vaccinated and unvaccinated populations and computed the relative risk and vaccine effectiveness. During 2005-2010, a total of 343,256 individuals were eligible for KFD vaccination (details of vaccination for 2008 were not available). Of these, 52% did not receive any vaccine while 36% had received two doses and a booster. Of the 168 laboratory-confirmed KFD cases reported during this 5-year period, 134 (80%) were unvaccinated, nine each had received one and two doses respectively while 16 had received a booster during the pre-transmission season. The relative risks of disease following one, two and booster doses of vaccine were 1.06 (95% CI = 0.54-2.1), 0.38 (95% CI = 0.19-0.74) and 0.17 (95% CI = 0.10-0.29) respectively. The effectiveness of the vaccine was 62.4% (95% CI = 26.1-80.8) among those who received two doses and 82.9% (95% CI = 71.3-89.8) for those who received two doses followed by a booster dose as compared to the unvaccinated individuals.
Conclusions: Coverage of KFD vaccine in the study area was low. Observed effectiveness of the KFD vaccine was lower as compared to the earlier reports, especially after a single dose administration. Systematic efforts are needed to increase the vaccine coverage and identify the reasons for lower effectiveness of the vaccine in the region.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554520 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002025 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Preliminary examination of orexin receptor antagonism with suvorexant in individuals with Methamphetamine use disorder: a case series study.
J Addict Dis
December 2024
Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
No FDA-approved medications for methamphetamine (MA) use disorder (MUD) are available. Suvorexant (SUVO), a dual orexin receptor antagonist that is FDA approved for insomnia treatment, reduces MA self-administration and MA-induced reinstatement responding in preclinical studies. SUVO may also reduce MA use by targeting substance use risk factors, including insomnia, stress, cue reactivity, and craving.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Indonesia, where traditional herbal treatments like <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> (andaliman) are culturally used. Investigating protein biomarkers such as E7, pRb, EGFR and p16 can help assess the efficacy of these treatments. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> There were 5 groups in this study: 2 control groups (C- and C+) and 3 treatment groups (each receiving one of three doses).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe introduction of faricimab, a drug targeting both vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2, has enabled the implementation of the highly effective dual inhibition strategy in real clinical practice for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME), both previously treated with intravitreal injections and newly diagnosed. This article presents a series of 11 clinical cases involving patients with nAMD and DME who received loading doses of faricimab and continued ophthalmological observation. Among them, three patients with nAMD and two with DME were treatment-naïve, while the others were switched from alternative therapies to faricimab.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australia's myasthenia gravis patients: A self-reported survey study.
Neurol Sci
December 2024
Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3128, Australia.
Introduction/aims: Previous studies have demonstrated high morbidity and mortality in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) who acquired COVID-19. We aimed to identify the impact of the pandemic on MG disease control, treatment and quality of life.
Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australian patients with MG.
A Belgian single centre outcome study of radioiodine treatment in adolescents with Graves' disease.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 110, Brussels, 1090, Belgium.
Up to 80% of children/adolescents with Graves' disease (GD) may require second-line treatment with either surgery or radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy after treatment with antithyroid drugs. These interventions aim to induce permanent hypothyroidism, but are not always successful. We aimed to evaluate the initial success rate (within the first year) of RAI treatment and its determining factors as second-line treatment in teenagers with GD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!