Upgrading bio-oil by addition reactions across olefins represents a route to refine bio-oil to combustible and stable oxygen-containing fuels. Development and application of highly active strong solid acid catalysts with good hydrothermal stability has become a key determinant for success, because bio-oil's complexity includes large amounts of water. Temperatures of 120°C or more are needed for satisfactory kinetics. Batch upgrading of a model bio-oil (phenol/water/acetic acid/acetaldehyde/hydroxyacetone/d-glucose/2-hydroxymethylfuran) over five water-tolerant solid acid catalysts (Dowex50WX2, Amberlyst15, Amberlyst36, silica sulfuric acid (SSA) and Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40) supported on K-10 clay (Cs(2.5)/K-10, 30wt.%)) with 1-octene/1-butanol were studied at 120°C/3h. SSA, , exhibited the highest water tolerance and activity. Upgrading using olefin/1-butanol is complex, involving many simultaneous competing esterification, etherification, olefin hydration, phenol alkylation, aldol condensation, sugar dehydration etc. reactions.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.060 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Impacts of MTBE in gasoline on the tailpipe ammonia emissions from China-6 certified passenger vehicles.
J Hazard Mater
December 2024
National Laboratory of Automotive Performance & Emission Test, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
Postcatalyst ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicles recently received attentions because of their contribution to the formation of urban secondary aerosols. To better understand whether fuel formulation would curb ammonia, the influence of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) additive in gasoline on the tailpipe ammonia emissions from six China-6 compliant vehicles was investigated over the World Harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) at -7 °C and 23 °C. Ammonia emissions were measured with MTBE-free and 10 % MTBE-containing China-6 compliant gasoline fuels on the test vehicles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCatalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols and Cresols to Gasoline Range Biofuels.
Chem Rec
October 2024
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, PO box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Unlike fossil fuels, biomass has oxygen amounts exceeding 10 wt%. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a crucial step in upgrading biomass to higher heating value liquid fuels. Oxygen removal has many challenges due to the complex chemistry and the high reactivity leading to irreversible catalyst deactivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of alternative fuels on the emissions of a passenger car under real-world driving conditions: a comparison of biodiesel, gas-to-liquid, coal to liquid.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
September 2024
School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.
Fossil fuel energy crisis and environmental pollution have initiated the scientific research on alternative fuels. Biodiesel (B100), gas to liquid (G100), and coal to liquid (C100) are superb selections to be substitutes for conventional diesel. To better investigate the emission characteristics of the alternative fuels mentioned above, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to carry out this study under real-world driving conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModulation Excitation Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool to Elucidate Active Species and Sites in Catalytic Reactions.
Acc Chem Res
September 2024
Eduard-Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
ConspectusA rational design of catalysts requires a knowledge of the active species and sites. Often, catalyst surfaces are dominated by spectators, which do not participate in the reaction, while the catalytically active species and sites are hidden. Modulation-excitation spectroscopy (MES) allows discrimination between active and spectator species by applying a concentration modulation, which is translated into the active (that is, actively responding) species by phase-sensitive detection (PSD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAquatic toxicity, bioaccumulation potential, and human estrogen/androgen activity of three oxo-Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (oxo-LOHC) systems.
J Hazard Mater
September 2024
Institute of Water Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) technology has potential for efficient hydrogen storage, especially if it can replace liquid fossil fuels on a large scale.
- Current LOHC systems using toluene or benzyltoluene show room for enhancement, prompting interest in new compounds with improved safety and performance.
- Research on oxygen-containing LOHC (oxo-LOHC) indicates low toxicity and bioaccumulation risk, making them promising candidates for hydrogen storage solutions.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!