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The structure and motivational significance of early beliefs about ability.
Dev Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, New York University.
Adults hold a broad range of beliefs about intellectual ability. Key examples include beliefs about its malleability, its distribution in the population, whether high levels of it ("brilliance") are necessary for success, its origins, and its responsiveness to intervention. Here, we examined the structure and motivational significance of this network of consequential beliefs in a sample of elementary school-age children (5- to 11-year-olds, = 231; 116 girls, 112 boys, three gender nonbinary children; predominantly White and Asian children from relatively high-income backgrounds).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-throughput evaluation of half-metallicity of CoMnSi Heusler alloys using composition-spread films and spin-integrated hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Sci Technol Adv Mater
January 2025
Magnetic Functional Device Group, Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials (CMSM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
We demonstrate high-throughput evaluation of the half-metallicity of CoMnSi Heusler alloys by spin-integrated hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) of composition-spread films performed with high-brilliance synchrotron radiation at NanoTerasu, which identifies the optimum composition showing the best half-metallicity. Co Mn Si composition-spread thin films for = 10-40% with a thickness of 30 nm are fabricated on MgO(100) substrates using combinatorial sputtering technique. The 2-ordering and (001)-oriented epitaxial growth of CoMnSi are confirmed by X-ray diffraction for = 18-40%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of Low-Brilliance X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography and Contrast-Enhanced Attenuation-Contrast Micro-Computed Tomography of Rat Kidneys.
Kidney360
December 2024
Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Background: Structural analysis of soft biological tissues is conventionally done with destructive 2D histology. 3D information can be accessed with non-invasive imaging methods, such as X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). While attenuation-based X-ray imaging alone does not provide reasonable contrast with soft-tissue samples, the combination with contrast-enhancing staining has proven effective.
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- Proteins have complex structures that determine their functions, making their structural analysis essential for understanding biological processes.
- Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) is a technique that improves upon classical infrared spectroscopy but struggles with low signal intensity and lengthy measurement times.
- A new optical setup using a quantum cascade laser allows for faster measurements of protein structures, achieving high-resolution data in as little as 5 minutes, which could enhance the study of dynamic protein processes.
Analysis of a persistent outbreak with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium revealed the need for an adapted diagnostic algorithm.
J Hosp Infect
January 2025
Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Medical Immunology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Objectives: The study institute was challenged with an outbreak of different vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), including vanA- and/or vanB-containing isolates. Remarkably, screening overnight enriched specimens using a vanA and vanB real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gave positive results for vanB with very low cycle threshold values, whereas VREfm-specific enrichment cultures remained negative. This paper describes the analysis of the diagnostic results leading to adaptation of the diagnostic algorithm.
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