The present study aims to image the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO; formerly known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor) in a preclinical human breast cancer (BC) xenograft mouse model with positron-emission tomography (PET). An automated radiosynthesis of [(18)F]-N-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide ([(18)F]FEPPA) was validated for human use using a commercial synthesis module and resulted in a high radiochemical yield (30%±8%, uncorrected; n=54) and specific activity (6±4 Ci/μmol). Tumor uptake of [(18)F]FEPPA in mice bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 BC xenografts was evaluated by PET-computed tomography imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies. Although the tumor was successfully visualized, ex vivo biodistribution studies revealed low tumor uptake (0.7%ID/g), with the majority of radioactivity distributed in the spleen, muscle, and heart despite high TSPO expression in this cell line. Our laboratory routinely prepares [(18)F]FEPPA for human-imaging studies in the central nervous system, and we envision that radiopharmaceuticals that target the TSPO have the potential for imaging macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
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