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Mars Mission Communication Delays and Impact on Mission Controller Performance, Workload, and Stress.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform
January 2025
Background: Mission Controllers (MCs) are the main point of contact for space crews and are vital for successful human spaceflight. On a mission to Mars, there will be as long as 22-min one-way communication delays between the ground and the crew, causing major changes to current communication infrastructures.
Methods: This exploratory study assessed the impact of a 20-min one-way communication delay on MCs' task performance, workload, and stress levels under nominal and off-nominal conditions, conducted during a 21-d analog mission.
A high-resolution in situ X-ray diffraction study of mineral transitions due to post-hydration heating in CM chondrite meteorites.
Earth Planets Space
December 2024
School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ Scotland, UK.
Abstract: The effects of post-hydration heating over a broad range of temperatures are evident in many Mighei-like carbonaceous (CM) chondrites as a variety of mineral transitions. To better understand these processes and how a CM chondrite's starting composition may have affected them, we experimentally heated two meteorites with different degrees of aqueous alteration, Allan Hills 83100 and Murchison, at 25 °C temperature steps from 200 °C to 950 °C and 300 °C to 750 °C, respectively. During heating, synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction patterns were collected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbsence of High-Pressure Ground-State Reentrant Ferroelectricity in PbTiO_{3}.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
We study ferroelectricity in the classic perovskite ferroelectric PbTiO_{3} to high pressures with density functional theory (DFT) and experimental diamond-anvil techniques. We use second harmonic generation spectroscopy to detect lack of inversion symmetry. Consistent with early understanding and experiments, we find that ferroelectricity disappears at moderate pressures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging magnetic transition of magnetite to megabar pressures using quantum sensors in diamond anvil cell.
Nat Commun
October 2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
High-pressure diamond anvil cells have been widely used to create novel states of matter. Nevertheless, the lack of universal in-situ magnetic measurement techniques at megabar pressures makes it difficult to understand the underlying physics of materials' behavior at extreme conditions, such as high-temperature superconductivity of hydrides and the formation or destruction of the local magnetic moments in magnetic systems. Here, we break through the limitations of pressure on quantum sensors by modulating the uniaxial stress along the nitrogen-vacancy axis and develop the in-situ magnetic detection technique at megabar pressures with high sensitivity ( ) and sub-microscale spatial resolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhase transition kinetics of superionic HO ice phases revealed by Megahertz X-ray free-electron laser-heating experiments.
Nat Commun
September 2024
SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
HO transforms to two forms of superionic (SI) ice at high pressures and temperatures, which contain highly mobile protons within a solid oxygen sublattice. Yet the stability field of both phases remains debated. Here, we present the results of an ultrafast X-ray heating study utilizing MHz pulse trains produced by the European X-ray Free Electron Laser to create high temperature states of HO, which were probed using X-ray diffraction during dynamic cooling.
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