Traditionally, clinician scientists in the UK have been trained by a sequence of medical school, junior hospital posts, MRCP and research leading to a PhD. Thereafter they undertake a mixture of more senior middle-grade jobs leading to senior or lecturer consultant posts and beyond. Experience in the USA has shown how it is possible for young doctors to complete a PhD successfully while still at medical school, giving the graduate a combined MBBS and PhD qualification earlier in their career. UCL instituted such an 'MBPhD' scheme 18 years ago. The first graduates are now attaining chairs. Here, we review the experience of such a course in the UK context.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.12-6-526 | DOI Listing |
Nicotine Tob Res
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Introduction: Varenicline is an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist with the highest therapeutic efficacy of any pharmacological smoking cessation aid and a 12-month cessation rate of 26%. Genetic variation may be associated with varenicline response, but to date no genome-wide association studies of varenicline response have been published.
Methods: In this study, we investigated the genetic contribution to varenicline effectiveness using two electronic health record-derived phenotypes.
J Diet Suppl
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
The scientific evidence supporting recommendations for dietary supplement use to prevent or treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is not well‑established. This cohort study investigates the relationship between dietary supplement usage and COVID‑19 symptoms among 27,181 adults tested for COVID‑19. Using data from surveys following COVID‑19 testing, conducted by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, associations between dietary supplement usage, symptomatology, and COVID‑19 status were explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenet Mol Biol
January 2025
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Durban, South Africa.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is involved in homocysteine and folic acid metabolism. Tumour suppressor protein TP53 gene maintains cellular and genetic integrity. To date, no studies associated the MTHFR C677T rs1801133 and TP53 Pro72Arg rs1042522 with CRP levels and methotrexate (a folic acid antagonist) treatment outcomes in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Health Res
January 2025
Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Previous research yields inconsistent findings on the association between air pollution and breast cancer risk, with no definitive causal relationship established. To address this, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study on data from the IEU open GWAS databases and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium to explore the potential link between air pollution (including PM, PM absorbance, PM, PM, NO, and NO) and breast cancer risk. We found that PM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cancer Res Ther
December 2024
No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Objective: This retrospective study aimed to determine the need for lymph node resection during surgical treatment in patients with stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials And Methods: A total of 1428 patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 1 A stage NSCLC who underwent surgery were divided into two groups: lymphadenectomy (n = 1324) and nonlymphadenectomy (n = 104). The effects of lymph node resection on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and on clinicopathological factors that affected the prognosis of the patients were investigated.
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