Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Objectives: To study the effect of clonidine pre-treatment on hemorrhagic shock (H/S)-induced endotoxemia and oxidative stress (OS) in three vital organs of the rat.
Methods: The study protocol consisted of two arms: one for the measurement of organic hydroperoxide (LOOH) and superoxide radical (O(2)(-·)) production in the gut, liver, and lungs (n = 32 rats) and one for the measurement of endotoxin in portal and systemic circulation (n = 32 rats). Four animal groups (sham, clonidine, H/S, and clonidine-H/S group) were used in each arm. Three hours after H/S and concominant blood resuscitation, tissues were collected for LOOHs and O(2)(-·) measurement and blood samples were obtained for endotoxin determination.
Results: Clonidine pre-treatment prior to H/S resulted in a significant reduction of LOOHs and O(2)(-·) production in all vital organs (P < 0.05-0.001), while additionally, clonidine reduced H/S-induced endotoxemia in portal (P < 0.05) and systemic circulation as well (P < 0.01).
Discussion: Clonidine pre-treatment prevents endotoxemia and OS in the gut, liver, and lungs of rats subjected to severe H/S. The improved intestinal barrier function probably stems from the antioxidant effect of clonidine on the intestinal epithelium, whereas the reduced endotoxemia may contribute to a decreased OS observed in the liver and lungs.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837594 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1351000212Y.0000000029 | DOI Listing |
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