[Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle. Case report and literature review].

Introduction: Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) of the fourth ventricle is a rare tumor that has been recently characterized. RGNT was included as a new glioneuronal tumor in 2007 by the World Health Organization (WHO) in classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Within this group we found 34 documented cases. We present a new case of RGNT of the fourth ventricle with intratumoral posttraumatic bleeding and review the existing literature of this new entity.

Case Report: A 30-year-old patient was admitted after suffering mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) had headache, diplopia and ataxia. Studies of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor at the fourth ventricle with intralesional bleeding and areas of calcification. She was operated performing macroscopically complete tumor resection. Pathologic examination showed a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle.

Conclusions: The RGNT of the fourth ventricle are rare and affect young adults. The evidence shows that the prognosis is usually favorable but there is the possibility of progression and recurrence. Intratumoral hemorrhage is a very unusual presentation that involves risk to the patient's life. Surgical resection should be careful due to the location of these lesions and their extension into critical areas, all patients regardless of extent of resection achieved require a long-term monitoring of the risk of late relapse.