Few trials have evaluated the metabolic effects and health outcomes of lowering dietary n-6 PUFA. The objectives of the present paper were (1) to report the methods employed to lower dietary n-6 PUFA, while either increasing or maintaining n-3 PUFA intake and (2) to validate our methods with 24 h recalls and erythrocyte fatty acid analyses. A total of sixty-seven subjects were randomised to either (1) an average-n-3 PUFA, low-n-6 PUFA (L6) intervention designed to lower linoleic acid (LA; #2·5% of energy (en%)) and arachidonic acid (#60 mg/d), while maintaining an average US intake of n-3 PUFA or (2) a high-n-3 PUFA, low-n-6 PUFA (H3-L6) intervention designed to lower n-6 LA, while increasing the n-3 PUFA a-linolenic acid (ALA; $1·5 en%) and EPA þ DHA ($1000 mg/d). Pre- and intraintervention nutrient intakes were estimated with six 24 h dietary recalls per subject. Both groups achieved the targeted reductions in dietary LA to #2·5 en% (median LA 2·45 (2·1, 3·1); P,0·001). Intakes of n-3 PUFA did not change for the L6 group. Target increases in n-3 ALA (median 1·6 en%, (1·3, 2·0), P,0·001) and EPA þ DHA (1482 mg, (374, 2558), P,0·001) were achieved in the H3-L6 group. Dietary changes were validated by corresponding changes in erythrocyte n-6 and n-3 fatty acid composition. Dietary LA can be lowered to #2·5 en%, with or without concurrent increases in dietary n-3 PUFA, in an outpatient clinical trial setting using this integrated diet method.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512005181 | DOI Listing |
Gut Microbes
December 2025
Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - Rhône-Alpes, INSERM, INRAe, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.
The development of cardiometabolic (CM) diseases is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, partly linked to alterations of the gut microbiota (GM) and reduced intestinal integrity. The SINFONI project investigates a multifunctional (MF) nutritional strategy's impact combining different bioactive compounds on inflammation, GM modulation and CM profile. In this randomized crossover-controlled study, 30 subjects at CM-risk consumed MF cereal-products, enriched with polyphenols, fibers, slowly-digestible starch, omega-3 fatty acids or Control cereal-products (without bioactive compounds) for 2 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Womens Health
December 2024
Nutrilite Health Institute, 720 Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a critical cause of infertility and is increasingly recognized as a complex metabolic disorder. Dietary factors may influence the risk of POI, but causal relationships remain unclear.
Methods: We conducted an MR study using genetic instrumental variables for 83 dietary preferences from the UK Biobank, with the Inverse Variance Weighted method as the primary analysis.
Exp Eye Res
December 2024
Department of Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular condition characterized by chronic inflammation and tear film disruption. It affects millions of people worldwide, causing significant eye discomfort and vision disturbances. Despite its prevalence, DED remains a complex condition that is not yet fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Nutr Food Res
December 2024
Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
The objective of this omega-3 feeding study was to elucidate the independent effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) versus eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on visceral adiposity and inflammatory signaling in diet-induced obese delta-6 desaturase (Fads2) knockout (KO) mice. Male wildtype (WT) and Fads2 KO mice were fed a high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) containing either lard (no omega-3s), flaxseed (ALA), or menhaden (EPA/DHA) for 21 weeks. Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) was analyzed for changes in tissue weight, adipocyte size, triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid content, and inflammatory markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioprocess Biosyst Eng
December 2024
School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Lipases are one of the ubiquitous enzymes that belong to the hydrolases family and have a wide variety of applications. Cold-active lipases are of major attraction as they can act in lower temperatures and low water conditions because of their inherent greater flexibility. One of the novel applications of lipase is the enrichment of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plant and fish oils.
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