AI Article Synopsis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global health issue that affects not only the lungs but also leads to various systemic problems like muscle dysfunction, weight loss, and heart-related issues.
- Key mechanisms contributing to these systemic effects include inflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in hormone levels that can be monitored through specific markers in patients with COPD.
- Understanding these markers has crucial clinical implications for managing and treating the disease more effectively.
Article Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is primarily a pulmonary disease, but it has various extrapulmonary manifestations such as muscular dysfunction and hypotrophy, cachexia or cardiovascular complications. That is why COPD may be considered a systemic disease. Principal mechanisms implicated in these extrapulmonary determinations are systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and neurohormonal activation. Circulating markers involved in these mechanisms can be detected in patients with COPD. We present some of the most important markers of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and neurohormonal activation and also the clinical implications.
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