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Progress in Experimental Methods Using Model Electrodes for the Development of Noble-Metal-Based Oxygen Electrocatalysts in Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers.
Small Methods
January 2025
Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
Hydrogen plays a key role in maximizing the benefits of renewable energy, and the widespread adoption of water electrolyzers and fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and electrical energy into each other, is strongly desired. Electrocatalysts used in these devices, typically in the form of nanoparticles, are crucial components because they significantly affect cell performance, but their raw materials rely on limited resources. In catalyst research, electrochemical experimental studies using model catalysts, such as single-crystal electrodes, have provided valuable information on reaction and degradation mechanisms, as well as catalyst development strategies aimed at overcoming the trade-off between activity and durability, across spatial scales ranging from the atomic to the nanoscale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlocking the potential of biowaste: Sustainable strategies to produce valuable industrial products.
J Environ Qual
January 2025
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Global solid waste generation is expected to double by 2050 from the present annual level of 2.01 metric ton. Traditional biowaste treatment methods, such as landfilling and incineration, cannot meet the need to deal with gigantic amounts of waste and reduce environmental harm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF-mutated AML: Immune Evasion Through Exosome-Mediated Mechanisms and innovative combination therapies targeting Immune escape.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther
January 2025
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi, Punjab, India.
Introduction: Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal myeloid cells. Besides several other genetic abnormalities developed in AML, FLT3 mutations are significant due to their worse prognostic impacts and therapeutic resistance. As a result, these mutations enable AML cells to develop mechanisms for evading immune surveillance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantifying the shift of public export finance from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Climate Finance and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
By providing guarantees and direct lending, public export credit agencies (ECAs) de-risk and thus enable energy projects worldwide. Despite their importance for global greenhouse gas emission pathways, a systematic assessment of ECAs' role and financing patterns in the low-carbon energy transition is still needed. Using commercial transaction data, here we analyze 921 energy deals backed by ECAs from 31 OECD and non-OECD countries (excluding Canada) between 2013 and 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethanol transfer supports metabolic syntrophy between bacteria and archaea.
Nature
January 2025
Institute for Extra-Cutting-Edge Science and Technology Avant-Garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan.
In subsurface methanogenic ecosystems, the ubiquity of methylated-compound-using archaea-methylotrophic methanogens-implies that methylated compounds have an important role in the ecology and carbon cycling of such habitats. However, the origin of these chemicals remains unclear as there are no known energy metabolisms that generate methylated compounds de novo as a major product. Here we identified an energy metabolism in the subsurface-derived thermophilic anaerobe Zhaonella formicivorans that catalyses the conversion of formate to methanol, thereby producing methanol without requiring methylated compounds as an input.
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