Aim: This study aimed to compare a broad array of neurocognitive functions (processing speed, aspects of attention, executive functioning, visual-motor coordination, and both face and emotion recognition) in very preterm and term-born children and to identify perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive dysfunctions.
Method: Children who were born very preterm (n=102; 46 males, 56 females), defined as a gestational age of less than 30 weeks and/or birthweight under 1000 g, and a comparison group of term-born children (n=95; 40 males, 55 females) were assessed at age 5 with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Stop Signal Task, several tasks of the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks, and a Digit Span task.
Results: When sociodemographic characteristics were taken into account, very preterm children scored worse than term-born children on all neurocognitive functions, except on tasks measuring inhibition and sustained attention, for which results were inconclusive. Effect sizes for group effects were small to medium (r(2) varying between 0.02 and 0.07). Principal component isolated four factors: visual-motor coordination, face/emotion recognition, reaction time/attention, and accuracy/attention. When sociodemographic and child characteristics at birth were accounted for, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly negatively associated with all four components and also with working memory.
Interpretation: Very preterm children are at risk for problems on a broad array of neurocognitive functions. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an independent risk factor for impaired neurocognitive functioning.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12018 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity and discriminatory ability of clinical outcomes, inflammatory activity, oxidative and vascular damage, and metabolic mechanisms for detecting significant improve maximum heart rate after physical activity training in individuals with psychiatric disorders and obesity comorbid using a longitudinal design and transdiagnostic perspective.
Methods: Patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and, schizophrenia and with comorbid obesity (n = 29) were assigned to a 12-week structured physical exercise program. Peripheral blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular mechanisms, and metabolic activity, as well as neurocognitive and functional performance were assessed twice, before and after intervention.
Racial Trauma and Black Mothers' Mental Health: Does Cognitive Flexibility Buffer the Effects of Racialized Stress?
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
January 2025
Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Racialized stress disproportionately impacts Black individuals and confers increased risk for psychological distress and executive dysfunction. However, there is little evidence on psychological distress' association with cognitive flexibility (CF), an executive function theorized to be a neurocognitive resilience factor, as it is shown to reflect the ability to adapt thoughts/behaviors to changing environmental stimuli. As such, we aimed to examine the relation between racialized stress and psychological distress and the potential buffering effects of CF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru.
Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia globally. While some familial cases are observed, sporadic AD cases are more common and reflect a high level of complexity, with individual risk determined by the interaction of polygenic and environmental factors.
Objective: To characterize polygenic genetic risk factors in individuals with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease across four regions of Peru.
Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Background: Emerging evidence links Alzheimer's disease (AD) to dysfunction of the primary cilium, a historically overlooked organelle that serves as the neuron's antenna. All neurons harbor a single primary cilium that projects from the membrane to sense changes in the extracellular environment. Primary cilia dysfunction leads to a group of diseases called 'ciliopathies', which are associated with reduced hippocampal and cortical mass, as well as neurocognitive impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Background: Sleep deprivation leads to an increase in oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory response and both could increase the production and accumulation of toxic beta-amyloid in the hippocampus which is considered one of the molecular drivers of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Despite these findings, obtaining sleep is still challenging in our modern society that values work around the clock. Omega-3 fatty acids represents an active biological agent with vital antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that could protect memory in the face of insufficient sleep.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!