To investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on properties and nutrient values, biochars were produced from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) at 300-600°C and their properties such as elemental and mineral compositions, release of N, P and K, and adsorption of N and P were determined. With increasing temperatures, more N was lost and residual N was transformed into heterocyclic-N, whereas no P and K losses were observed. P was transformed to less soluble minerals, resulting in a reduction in available-P in high-temperature biochars. A pH of⩽5 favored release of NH(4)(+), PO(4)(3-) and K(+) into water. Low-temperature biochars (⩽ 400°C) showed appreciable NH(4)(+) adsorption (2102mgkg(-1)). These results indicate that low-temperatures may be optimal for producing biochar from giant reed to improve the nutrient availability.
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