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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Objective: A common population sampling frame in countries with universal health care is health service registers. We have evaluated the use of such a register, in the United Kingdom, against a commercially available database claiming large population coverage, an alternative that offers ease of access and flexibility of use.
Study Design And Setting: A case-control study of vasculitis, which recruited cases from secondary care clinics in Scotland, compared two alternative sampling frames for population controls, namely the registers of National Health Service (NHS) primary care practices and a commercially available database. The characteristics of controls recruited from both sources were compared in addition to separate case-control comparison using logistic regression.
Results: A total of 166 of 189 cases participated (88% participation rate), while both the commercial database and NHS Central Register (NHSCR) controls achieved a participation rate of 24% among persons assumed to have received the invitation. On several measures, the NHSCR patients reported poorer health than the commercial database controls: low scores on the physical component score of the Short Form 36 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-4.1), chronic widespread pain (OR: 2.3; CI: 1.1-4.7), and high levels of fatigue (OR: 2.0; CI: 1.3-3.1). These had an important influence on the estimates of association with case status with one association (pain) showing a strong and significant association using commercial database controls, which was absent with NHSCR controls.
Conclusion: There are important differences in self-reported measures of health and quality of life using controls from two alternative population sampling frames. It emphasizes the importance of methodological rigor and prior assessment in choosing sampling frames for case-control studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.09.009 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Neurol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
Importance: The temporal dynamics of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as biomarkers of disease activity for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain underexplored.
Objective: To determine optimal timing for assessing sGFAP and sNfL, establish cutoff values differentiating between attacks and remissions in NMOSD, and evaluate these findings across independent cohorts.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter cohort study was conducted among patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD.
J Vis Exp
December 2024
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University; Mathematical Sciences Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Quantifying the mechanical properties of coronary arterial walls could provide meaningful information for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of coronary artery diseases. Since patient-specific coronary samples are not available for patients requiring continuous monitoring, direct experimental testing of vessel material properties becomes impossible. Current coronary models typically use material parameters from available literature, leading to significant mechanical stress/strain calculation errors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Meas Sci Au
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria St S A, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada.
The COVID-19 outbreak has led to notable developments in point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices, as they can be valuable resources in identifying and managing the spread of the pandemic. Currently, the majority of techniques demand advanced laboratory equipment and professionals to execute precise, efficient, accurate, and sensitive testing. In this work, we report a new method to significantly enhance the sensitivity of microwave sensing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by functionalizing the sensor surface using anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody-gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) conjugates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
December 2024
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Compared to quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR), CRISPR-Cas-mediated technology is more suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) and has potential for wider application in the future. Generally, the operational procedure of CRISPR-Cas-mediated diagnostic method consists of two independent steps, the reaction of signal amplification and the CRISPR-Cas-mediated signal detection. Complex multi-step procedures can easily lead to cross-contamination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Child Psychol Psychiatry
December 2024
School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly attributed to neuro-cognitive deficits of genetic and/or prenatal/perinatal environmental origins. Sonuga-Barke proposed an alternative formulation, suggesting that ADHD behaviors are functional expressions of delay aversion-a strong motivational disposition to avoid or escape negative affective states evoked by delay. It is hypothesized that the strength of this disposition, though neuro-biologically rooted, is exacerbated by early negative social interactions during waiting-related encounters.
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