Severity: Warning
Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessiong15eckcn43i1k9p5fsjpn4mmq2bebmmv): Failed to open stream: No space left on device
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 137
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 197
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 197
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 271
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1057
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3175
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Swallowing is one of the primary functions that enable humans to sustain life. Likewise, it is an important element of healthy life and contributes to quality of life and well-being. When the ability to swallow is lost or impaired, the risk of disability or even death is greatly increased. Rehabilitation potential is diminished and the process is prolonged in the presence of dysphagia. This present chapter describes the anatomical and neurophysiological components of healthy adult swallowing and presbyphagia and the major consequences that swallowing disorders (dysphagia) may have if left untreated. The main neurogenic conditions and diseases leading to dysphagia are also introduced, as well as the major diagnostic and interventional approaches used by swallowing specialists to help patients with dysphagia. The role of the multidisciplinary team is emphasized and screening questions and guidelines are provided to help the neurologist and other professionals provide dysphagic patients with the best swallowing care.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52901-5.00021-6 | DOI Listing |
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