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HBV-Induced Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms, Correlation With Viral Suppression, and Implications for Treatment.
Liver Int
January 2025
NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common but underdiagnosed and undertreated health condition and is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. HBV (rated a Grade 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer) drives the transformation of hepatocytes in multiple ways by inducing viral DNA integrations, genetic dysregulation, chromosomal translocations, chronic inflammation, and oncogenic pathways facilitated by some HBV proteins. Importantly, these mechanisms are active throughout all phases of HBV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecurrent cholangitis due to an intrahepatic calculus caused by migrated coil for vascular embolization: A case report.
Medicine (Baltimore)
December 2024
Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.
Rationale: Pseudoaneurysm is a potential postoperative complication in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, with catheter-based interventions being the first-line treatment. This study reviews the literature on potential secondary complications following arterial embolization. Additionally, we report a case in which a dislodged embolization coil acted as a nidus for bile duct stone formation, leading to recurrent cholangitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCultural Defaults in the Time of COVID: Lessons for the Future.
Psychol Sci Public Interest
October 2024
Department of Psychology, Stanford University.
Five years after the beginning of the COVID pandemic, one thing is clear: The East Asian countries of Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea outperformed the United States in responding to and controlling the outbreak of the deadly virus. Although multiple factors likely contributed to this disparity, we propose that the culturally linked psychological defaults ("cultural defaults") that pervade these contexts also played a role. Cultural defaults are commonsense, rational, taken-for-granted ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain health: Pathway to primary prevention of neurodegenerative disorders of environmental origin.
J Neurol Sci
December 2024
Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
While rising global rates of neurodegenerative disease encourage early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention to block clinical expression (secondary prevention), a more powerful approach is to identify and remove environmental factors that trigger long-latencybrain disease (primary prevention) by acting on a susceptible genotype or acting alone. The latter is illustrated by the post-World War II decline and disappearance of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC), a prototypical often-familial neurodegenerative disease formerly present in very high incidence on the island of Guam. Lessons learned from 75 years of investigation on the etiology of ALS/PDC include: the importance of focusing field research on the disease epicenter and patients with early-onset disease; soliciting exposure history from patients, family, and community to guide multidisciplinary biomedical investigation; recognition that disease phenotype may vary with exposure history, and that familial brain disease may have a primarily environmental origin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * As of 2023, cabotegravir accounts for only 2.5% of U.S. PrEP prescriptions due to high costs, complex acquisition processes, and limited availability outside of research studies.
- * The lengthy timeline for generic production, projected to start in 2027, and the administrative burden on healthcare organizations have hindered its adoption, highlighting challenges that could impact future long-acting HIV prevention methods.
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