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Pili or fimbriae are recognized as essential virulence determinants assembled on the bacterial surface. Gram-positive bacteria produce covalently linked pilus structures that are distinct from gram-negative counterparts. In this chapter, we describe three commonly used techniques to extract, detect, and visualize pili from gram-positive bacteria: (1) Western blot analysis, (2) Immuno-Electron Microscopy, and (3) Atomic Force Microscopy.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-245-2_5 | DOI Listing |
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