Objectives: There is an association between chronic inflammation and cancer, including colon cancer. Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelial cells causing several parasitological and pathological changes. It is incriminated in the development of colorectal cancer in immunosuppressed individuals. Cyclin D1 expression is essential for cell cycle progression and its overexpression has been reported in colorectal cancer. This work aimed to study the gastrointestinal changes, including parasitological and pathological changes, induced by C. parvum infection in both immunocompetent and in chemically immunosuppressed mice, together with immunohistochemical assessment of cyclin D1 expression in infected tissues. In addition, the effectiveness of nitazoxanide (NTZ) in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis was evaluated.
Methods: This study included six groups of mice: group I, infected; group II, infected and immunosuppressed; group III, infected and treated with NTZ; group IV, infected, immunosuppressed, and treated with NTZ; and groups V and VI representing non-infected controls. Mice were subjected to stool examination for oocyst counts and were later sacrificed for intestinal dissection and routine histopathological examination of pathological changes; the endogenous developmental stages of the parasite were counted and immunohistochemical staining was carried out for the determination of cyclin D1.
Results: Group II showed the highest numbers of oocysts shed and endogenous developmental stages compared to the other groups. Intestinal dysplastic changes were seen only in groups I and II, where these changes were in favor of group II compared to group I. High-grade dysplasia was seen in four out of 20 mice in group II and was significantly associated with the number of endogenous developmental stages of C. parvum. NTZ was effective in the treatment of Cryptosporidium infection, with a greater effect in group III than in group IV.
Conclusions: C. parvum is one of the infectious agents that may induce intestinal dysplasia, including the high-grade category, which occurs particularly in the presence of immune suppression states and elevated endogenous parasite loads. Cyclin D1 is a good and useful marker for the detection of intestinal dysplasia. The effectiveness of NTZ is dependent on the immune status of the infected host.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.11.023 | DOI Listing |
Cancers (Basel)
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Background/objectives: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is considered an irreversible preneoplastic precursor for gastric adenocarcinoma in adults. However, its significance in children and the long-term outcome remain poorly understood.
Methods: All children diagnosed with GIM between 2000 and 2020 were identified at a large tertiary referral centre.
Nutrients
December 2024
Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
Background/objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) incidence remains high worldwide, and the survival rate is poor. GC develops from atrophic gastritis (AG), associated with () infection, passing through intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia steps. Since eradication does not exclude GC development, further investigations are needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Dis Primers
January 2025
European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HHT Rare Disease Working Group, Paris, France.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular dysplasia inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and caused by loss-of-function pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the BMP signalling pathway. Up to 90% of disease-causal variants are observed in ENG and ACVRL1, with SMAD4 and GDF2 less frequently responsible for HHT. In adults, the most frequent HHT manifestations relate to iron deficiency and anaemia owing to recurrent epistaxis (nosebleeds) or bleeding from gastrointestinal telangiectases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao
December 2024
Basic Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712046,China.
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by non-specific,persistent inflammation in the intestines.This chronic inflammation often increases the risk of serious complications such as colorectal cancer.Dysplasia acts as a driver of cancer development and plays a connecting role in the occurrence and development of chronic intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
December 2024
Department of Neonatology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi 594-1101, Japan.
Background: It has been demonstrated that aspiration during endotracheal intubation in preterm infants with gastroesophageal reflux is a contributing factor in the worsening of lung diseases and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of early transpyloric (TP) tube feeding with that of nasogastric (NG) tube feeding in relation to BPD.
Methods: The study population consisted of 39 extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) with mechanical ventilation and an enteral feeding volume of 50 mL/kg/day, which were randomly assigned to different groups based on the method of tube feeding.
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