This study investigates the feasibility of characterizing the microstructures within a biological tissue by analyzing the frequency spectrum of the photoacoustic signal from the tissue. Hypotheses are derived from theoretical analyses on the relationships between the dimensions/concentrations of the photoacoustic sources within the region-of-interest and the linear model fitted to the power spectra of photoacoustic signals. The hypotheses are validated, following the procedures of ultrasound spectrum analysis, by simulations and experiments with phantoms fabricated by embedding the polyethylene microspheres in porcine gelatin, indicating that photoacoustic spectrum analysis could be a potential tool for characterizing microstructures in biological samples.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768703 | DOI Listing |
mBio
January 2025
Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Unlabelled: The KREMEN1 (KRM1) protein is a cellular receptor for multiple enteroviruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), including coxsackievirus CVA2, CVA3, CVA4, CVA5, CVA6, CVA10, and CVA12. The molecular basis for the broad recognition of these viruses by the KRM1 receptor remains unclear. Here, we report the indispensable role of the completely conserved VP2 capsid protein residue K140 (designated K2140) in mediating receptor recognition and infection by CVA10 and other KRM1-dependent enteroviruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalyst
January 2025
Department of Proteomics, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 31 Avenue, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
Keyhole limpet haemocyanins (KLH1 and KLH2) from , are multi-subunit oxygen-carrying metalloproteins of approximately 3900 amino acids, that are widely used as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines and in immunotherapy. KLHs and their derived conjugate vaccines are poorly characterized by LC-MS/MS due to their very stable supramolecular structures with megadalton molecular mass, and their resistance to efficient digestion with standard protocols. KLH1 and KLH2 proteins were conjugated to the conserved P0 peptide (pP0), derived from the P0 acidic ribosomal protein of sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Methods
January 2025
Jiangsu Beier Machinery Co. Ltd, Jiangsu, 215600, China.
Plastic waste management is one of the key issues in global environmental protection. Integrating spectroscopy acquisition devices with deep learning algorithms has emerged as an effective method for rapid plastic classification. However, the challenges in collecting plastic samples and spectroscopy data have resulted in a limited number of data samples and an incomplete comparison of relevant classification algorithms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Behav Anal
January 2025
Prosocial Interactions Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, NE, USA.
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are at high risk of being bullied, but research on teaching children with autism self-protection skills for bullying situations is scant. We taught five children self-protection skills for two types of bullying (threats and unkind remarks) and consecutive bullying occurrences. We first evaluated behavioral skills training and a textual prompt to teach children to report threats of physical or material harm, provide a disapproving statement after a first unkind remark, and occupy themselves with an activity away from a bully after a second unkind remark.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
January 2025
London Institute for Mathematical Sciences Royal Institution, 21 Albemarle St, London W1S 4BS, UK.
Recent advancements in genomics, propelled by artificial intelligence, have unlocked unprecedented capabilities in interpreting genomic sequences, mitigating the need for exhaustive experimental analysis of complex, intertwined molecular processes inherent in DNA function. A significant challenge, however, resides in accurately decoding genomic sequences, which inherently involves comprehending rich contextual information dispersed across thousands of nucleotides. To address this need, we introduce GENA language model (GENA-LM), a suite of transformer-based foundational DNA language models capable of handling input lengths up to 36 000 base pairs.
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