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Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Febuxostat and Allopurinol on Kidney Dysfunction and Histological Damage in Two-Kidney, One-Clip (2K1C) Rats.
Scientifica (Cairo)
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperuricemia is a common phenomenon, presumably due to reduced renal clearance of uric acid. This study investigated the effect of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors allopurinol and febuxostat to prevent oxidative stress in the kidney of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) rats. In this investigation, 2K1C rats were used as an experimental animal model for kidney dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating the Role of Allopurinol in Mitigating Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Cureus
December 2024
Diabetes and Endocrinology, Prabhath Diabetes Care Centre, Udupi, IND.
This meta-analysis investigates the potential of allopurinol to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), a common and serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). CIN is particularly prevalent among high-risk populations, including patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), where the administration of contrast agents can exacerbate renal injury. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is known for its dual action in reducing oxidative stress and uric acid production, positioning it as a promising therapeutic candidate to mitigate CIN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUW supplementation with AP39 improves liver viability following static cold storage.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Static cold storage of donor livers at 4 °C incompletely arrests metabolism, ultimately leading to decreases in ATP levels, oxidative stress, cell death, and organ failure. Hydrogen Sulfide (HS) is an endogenously produced gas, previously demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress, reduce ATP depletion, and protect from ischemia and reperfusion injury. HS is difficult to administer due to its rapid release curve, resulting in cellular death at high concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapeutic Effects of Tea Polyphenols on Renal Damage Induced by High Uric Acid.
Curr Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a condition characterized by excessive uric acid production and/or inadequate uric acid excretion due to abnormal purine metabolism in the human body. Uric acid deposits resulting from HUA can lead to complications such as renal damage. Currently, drugs used to treat HUA lack specificity and often come with specific toxic side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase mitigates adenosine triphosphate degradation under hypoxic conditions in mouse brain.
Brain Res
February 2025
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:
The brain is an organ that consumes a substantial amount of oxygen, and a reduction in oxygen concentration can rapidly lead to significant and irreversible brain injury. The progression of brain injury during hypoxia involves the depletion of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) due to decreased oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Allopurinol is a purine analog inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase that protects against hypoxic/ischemic brain injury; however, its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear.
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